Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Intravenous Injections in Neonatal Mice
05:17

Intravenous Injections in Neonatal Mice

Published on: November 11, 2014

61.4K

Rational use of intravenous polymyxin B and colistin: A review

Z D Zakuan1, K Suresh2

  • 1Universiti Sains Malaysia Health Campus, School of Medical Sciences, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan, Malaysia. zakuan@usm.my.

The Medical Journal of Malaysia
|October 24, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Polymyxins, vital antibiotics for Gram-negative infections, are seeing increased use but require careful dosing. Preserving their efficacy through appropriate prescription is crucial to combat resistant superbugs.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Polymyxins (B and E/colistin) were key antibiotics for Gram-negative infections since the 1950s.
  • Parenteral use declined in the 1970s due to toxicity, but resurged in Malaysia around 2009.
  • This resurgence was driven by a lack of alternatives for multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria like Acinetobacter baumannii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of preserving polymyxin efficacy in hospital settings.
  • To compare and contrast polymyxin B and colistin.
  • To address challenges in current polymyxin use and propose strategies for improved prescription.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on polymyxin B and colistin.
  • Analysis of clinical use patterns and challenges.
  • Discussion of resistance trends and stewardship strategies.

Main Results:

  • Limited experience and dosing guidelines may lead to suboptimal polymyxin use.
  • Emerging polymyxin resistance is a significant concern.
  • Polymyxins are last-resort antibiotics for severe Gram-negative infections.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing polymyxin dosing and judicious use are essential.
  • Combination therapy may be beneficial in certain cases.
  • Strategies to improve polymyxin prescription are needed to maintain their effectiveness against MDR pathogens.

More Related Videos

Optimized Intravenous Injection in Adult Zebrafish05:17

Optimized Intravenous Injection in Adult Zebrafish

Published on: December 20, 2024

2.1K
An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery06:40

An In Vivo Mouse Model of Total Intravenous Anesthesia During Cancer Resection Surgery

Published on: June 8, 2021

2.9K

Related Concept Videos

Review and Preview01:10

Review and Preview

In statistics, several tools are used to interpret the data. Measures of central tendency represent the characteristics of the data, such as mean, median, and mode. Additionally, measures of variance like standard deviation and range are used to find the spread of data from the mean. Relative standing measures the distance between data locations. Commonly used measures of relative standings are percentile, z score, and quartiles.
Percentiles are a type of fractile that partition data into...
8.4K
Review and Preview01:13

Review and Preview

Data are individual items of information obtained from a population or sample. Data may be classified as qualitative (categorical), quantitative continuous, or quantitative discrete. Because it is not practical to measure the entire population in a study, researchers use samples to represent the population. A random sample is a representative group from the population chosen by using a method that gives each individual in the population an equal chance of being included in the sample. Random...
11.3K
Rationalizing Substitutions01:29

Rationalizing Substitutions

Integrals involving non-rational functions are often difficult to evaluate using standard techniques, especially when radicals appear in the integrand. Rationalizing substitution provides a systematic method for simplifying such integrals by converting them into rational forms that are easier to handle.Consider a rod whose linear mass density depends on a constant linear density, a characteristic length, and the distance from the left end of the rod. Determining the total mass requires...
59
Rational Expressions01:28

Rational Expressions

Rational expressions are algebraic fractions in which both the numerator and the denominator are polynomials. These expressions follow the arithmetic rules of numerical fractions but require extra care due to the presence of variables. A fundamental part of working with rational expressions is identifying values that make the expression undefined, typically those that result in division by zero or undefined radicals.Determining the DomainThe domain of a rational expression includes all real...
392
Asymptotes in Rational Functions01:30

Asymptotes in Rational Functions

A rational function is defined as the quotient of two polynomials:  where Q(x)≠0, These functions often exhibit asymptotes, which are the lines that the graph approaches but never touches. These asymptotes are classified based on how the function behaves near specific values of the input.Vertical asymptotes occur where the denominator is zero, and the numerator is not, causing the function to be undefined. These are found by solving Q(x)=0. For example:  has a vertical...
252
Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy01:24

Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy

Cognitive-behavioral therapies (CBTs) are grounded in the belief that our thoughts profoundly influence our emotions and actions. Advocates of CBT emphasize three core assumptions: first, that cognitions are identifiable and measurable; second, that they are central to psychological functioning; and third, that irrational or maladaptive beliefs can be replaced with rational and adaptive ones. This transformative approach to therapy has paved the way for specific models such as Albert...
438