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ExoAPP: Exosome-Oriented, Aptamer Nanoprobe-Enabled Surface Proteins Profiling and Detection.

Dan Jin1, Fan Yang1,2,3, Yulin Zhang1

  • 1School of Laboratory Medicine , Hubei University of Chinese Medicine , 1 Huangjia Lake West Road , Wuhan 430065 , China.

Analytical Chemistry
|October 24, 2018
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Summary

This study introduces a new assay for detecting cancer exosomes, offering a simpler, more sensitive method for diagnostics. The exosome-oriented, aptamer nanoprobe-based profiling (ExoAPP) assay aids in identifying cancer progression markers.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cancer Diagnostics

Background:

  • Tumor exosomes carry molecular markers from parent cells, acting as potential biomarkers for cancer diagnostics.
  • Current methods for exosome profiling are technically challenging and lack sensitivity.
  • Noninvasive detection of cancer progression via exosome analysis is highly desirable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a facile and sensitive assay for phenotyping surface proteins and quantifying cancerous exosomes.
  • To establish an exosome-oriented, aptamer nanoprobe-based profiling (ExoAPP) assay for cancer diagnostics.
  • To demonstrate the utility of ExoAPP in monitoring cancer progression and identifying specific cancer markers.

Main Methods:

  • Developed an exosome-oriented, aptamer nanoprobe-based profiling (ExoAPP) assay.
  • Integrated graphene oxide (GO) with target-responsive aptamers for exosome surface protein profiling.
  • Employed enzyme-assisted exosome recycling to enhance detection sensitivity.
  • Analyzed blood samples from prostate cancer patients.

Main Results:

  • The ExoAPP assay achieved a detection limit of 1.6 × 10^5 particles/mL, significantly improving upon existing homogeneous protocols.
  • Heterogeneous exosome patterns were revealed across five cell types.
  • The assay successfully monitored epithelial-mesenchymal transition via exosome analysis without cellular internalization.
  • Prostate cancer exosomes were identified using surface PSMA markers in patient blood samples.

Conclusions:

  • The ExoAPP assay provides a sensitive and facile method for exosome profiling and cancer diagnostics.
  • This approach offers potential for noninvasive monitoring of cancer progression and personalized treatment strategies.
  • The identification of PSMA-positive exosomes suggests ExoAPP's clinical applicability in diagnosing prostate cancer.