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Lanmodulin: A Highly Selective Lanthanide-Binding Protein from a Lanthanide-Utilizing Bacterium.

Joseph A Cotruvo1, Emily R Featherston1, Joseph A Mattocks1

  • 1Department of Chemistry , The Pennsylvania State University , University Park , Pennsylvania 16802 , United States.

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|October 24, 2018
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Researchers discovered lanmodulin (LanM), a protein that selectively binds lanthanides (Lns) over calcium ions. This finding reveals how organisms distinguish between these metals and offers potential biotechnological applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Microbiology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Lanthanides (Lns) are increasingly recognized as essential cofactors in methylotrophic bacteria enzymes.
  • Understanding the biological mechanisms for selective metal ion binding is crucial for both fundamental science and technological applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and characterize a protein in *Methylobacterium extorquens* responsible for selective lanthanide binding.
  • To elucidate the structural and functional basis for lanthanide selectivity over calcium.

Main Methods:

  • Protein purification and characterization of lanmodulin (LanM).
  • Metal-binding assays to determine affinity and selectivity for lanthanides and calcium.
  • Site-directed mutagenesis of LanM to investigate the role of specific residues in metal selectivity.

Main Results:

  • Identification of lanmodulin (LanM), a novel protein with four EF hand motifs that selectively binds lanthanides (LnIII) at picomolar concentrations.
  • LanM undergoes a significant conformational change upon LnIII binding, transitioning from a disordered to an ordered state.
  • Mutagenesis of unique proline residues in LanM's EF hands altered calcium (CaII) binding to the micromolar range while maintaining high LnIII affinity, highlighting their role in selectivity.

Conclusions:

  • Lanmodulin (LanM) is a highly selective lanthanide-binding protein, crucial for understanding biological metal ion recognition.
  • The unique proline residues in LanM's EF hands are key determinants of lanthanide selectivity over calcium.
  • This discovery has implications for developing biotechnologies for lanthanide detection, sequestration, and separation.