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Related Concept Videos

Decision Making01:20

Decision Making

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Decision-making is a fundamental cognitive process that involves evaluating alternatives and selecting among them. This process can range from simple choices, such as deciding what to wear, to complex decisions, like choosing a major in college or a career path. The complexity of the decision often dictates the approach we use, which can be broadly categorized into two types: automatic and controlled decision-making.
Automatic decision-making is fast, intuitive, and relies on gut feelings...
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Decision Making: P-value Method01:09

Decision Making: P-value Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the P-value method includes calculating the P- value using the sample data and interpreting it.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is proposed. The claim is based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to the claim  is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses:  a null hypothesis would be a neutral statement while the alternative hypothesis can...
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Decision Making: Traditional Method01:14

Decision Making: Traditional Method

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The process of hypothesis testing based on the traditional method includes calculating the critical value, testing the value of the test statistic using the sample data, and interpreting these values.
First, a specific claim about the population parameter is decided based on the research question and is stated in a simple form. Further, an opposing statement to this claim is also stated. These statements can act as null and alternative hypotheses, out of which a null hypothesis would be a...
5.4K
Adult Stem Cells01:33

Adult Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
33.9K
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult01:21

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation I: Adult

724
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation, or CPR, is a life-saving emergency procedure performed when a person's heart has stopped beating or they are no longer breathing. The foundation of CPR is Basic Life Support (BLS), which focuses on the early recognition of cardiac arrest, the immediate start of high-quality chest compressions, and the timely use of an automated external defibrillator (AED).Assessing Responsiveness and Checking the Carotid PulseWhen approaching an unresponsive person, first ensure...
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Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings01:29

Relationship with Other Adult Family Members and Siblings

196
Other adult family members and siblings play a crucial role in shaping children’s social and emotional development. While parents or primary caregivers are often the central figures in early attachment and socialization, other adults in a child’s life, such as grandparents, aunts, and uncles, can significantly influence developmental outcomes. These influences depend on each adult’s personality and may help compensate when a primary caregiver is emotionally distant or...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment
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Lexical Decision Task for Studying Written Word Recognition in Adults with and without Dementia or Mild Cognitive Impairment

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Decision-making for PCV in adults.

John M McLaughlin1, David L Swerdlow1, Raul E Isturiz1

  • 1a Pfizer Vaccines , Collegeville , PA , USA.

Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics
|October 24, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Continued use of the thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) in adults is necessary. Emerging evidence shows PCV13 effectively reduces pneumococcal community-acquired pneumonia in at-risk adults, despite pediatric vaccination programs.

Keywords:
13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13)adultcommunity-acquired pneumonia (CAP)policyrecommendation

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Thirteen-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) was introduced for adults to combat vaccine-type community-acquired pneumonia (CAP).
  • Questions arose regarding adult PCV13 utility due to indirect protection from pediatric vaccination and lack of real-world adult effectiveness data, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the ongoing necessity of PCV13 use in adults, considering existing pediatric immunization programs and emerging evidence on adult effectiveness.
  • To address concerns about the real-world effectiveness of PCV13 in adults, including those with immunocompromising conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of emerging evidence on PCV13 effectiveness in adult populations.
  • Analysis of vaccine-type pneumococcal pneumonia burden in adults despite pediatric PCV13 use.
  • Consideration of ethical and pragmatic vaccine policy factors.

Main Results:

  • A significant burden of PCV13-type pneumococcal pneumonia persists in at-risk adults, even with widespread pediatric PCV13 use.
  • Adult PCV13 vaccination has demonstrated effectiveness in reducing pneumococcal CAP, including in elderly and immunocompromised individuals.
  • Continued PCV13 use is supported by ethical and pragmatic considerations, such as addressing uptake disparities and vaccine policy confusion.

Conclusions:

  • Continued PCV13 vaccination in adults is essential for controlling vaccine-type community-acquired pneumonia.
  • The benefits of PCV13 in adults outweigh concerns about indirect protection from pediatric programs.
  • Maintaining PCV13 use is crucial for public health, especially with the anticipated introduction of next-generation pneumococcal vaccines.