Respiratory Muscle Training Effects on Performance in Hypo- and Hyperbaria

Area of Science:

• Environmental Physiology
• Exercise Science

Background:

• High altitude and scuba diving impair respiratory system function and exercise performance.
• Reduced oxygen availability at altitude and increased breathing resistance during diving elevate the work of breathing.
• Respiratory muscle fatigue is a consequence of increased respiratory workload in these environments.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the current knowledge on respiratory muscle training (RMT) for exercise performance in high-altitude and diving conditions.
• To explore potential mechanisms through which RMT may benefit respiratory function and exercise capacity.
• To identify gaps in the existing literature regarding RMT in these specific environments.

Main Methods:

• This study is a narrative review of existing literature.
• The review synthesizes findings on the effects of RMT on respiratory parameters and exercise performance.
• Potential mechanisms and research gaps are discussed.

Main Results:

• RMT has been reported to decrease the work and energy cost of breathing.
• Evidence suggests RMT can improve pulmonary ventilation, respiratory muscle strength, and pulmonary function.
• Improvements in exercise capacity have also been noted with RMT, though literature is sparse.

Conclusions:

• RMT shows potential for mitigating the negative respiratory effects of altitude and diving.
• Further research is necessary to establish optimal RMT protocols and confirm its efficacy in these populations.
• Understanding the mechanisms and benefits of RMT can inform strategies for enhancing performance and safety.