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Racial and Ethnic Differences in Anthropometric Measures as Risk Factors for Diabetes.

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Waist circumference (WC) better predicts diabetes risk in postmenopausal women, particularly Asian women. Different anthropometric measures may improve diabetes risk assessment for Black women, reflecting race/ethnicity impacts.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Epidemiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Diabetes mellitus is a significant public health concern.
  • Anthropometric measures are commonly used to assess diabetes risk.
  • Existing research suggests potential race/ethnicity-based differences in these associations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate how race/ethnicity influences the relationship between anthropometric measures and the risk of developing diabetes.
  • To determine the most effective anthropometric predictors of diabetes across diverse racial/ethnic groups of postmenopausal women.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from 136,112 postmenopausal women (aged 50-79) in the Women's Health Initiative.
  • Measured Body Mass Index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), and waist-to-hip ratio (WHR).
  • Employed Cox proportional hazards regression models to analyze associations between anthropometrics and incident diabetes over 14.6 years.

Main Results:

  • All measured anthropometrics (BMI, WC, WHR) were positively associated with diabetes risk across all racial/ethnic groups.
  • Waist circumference (WC) demonstrated the strongest association with diabetes risk overall.
  • Associations between WC and diabetes risk varied by race/ethnicity, being weaker in Black women and stronger in Asian women compared to non-Hispanic White women.

Conclusions:

  • Waist circumference (WC) is a superior predictor of diabetes risk in postmenopausal women, especially among Asian women.
  • Exploring anthropometric measures reflecting trunk-to-leg fat ratio may enhance diabetes risk assessment for Black women.