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Epigenetics in eating disorders: a systematic review.

Christopher Hübel1,2,3, Sarah J Marzi1,4, Gerome Breen1,2

  • 1Social, Genetic & Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.

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Epigenetic factors in eating disorders are under-researched, with current evidence being inconclusive. Future studies should use genome-wide designs and larger sample sizes for robust findings on anorexia nervosa and other eating disorders.

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Epigenetics
  • Psychiatry
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Eating disorders are complex heritable conditions influenced by genetic and environmental factors.
  • Recent advances in genomics and epigenetics highlight their potential role in disease development.
  • Understanding epigenetic mechanisms is crucial for linking environmental influences to eating disorder onset.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review the existing evidence on epigenetic factors in eating disorders.
  • To identify gaps and methodological limitations in current research.
  • To inform future research directions in the field of eating disorder epigenetics.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature review following PRISMA guidelines.
  • Searches conducted in PubMed and Web of Science databases.
  • Inclusion of 18 articles published between 2003 and 2017, focusing on anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, and binge-eating disorder.

Main Results:

  • Most studies investigated candidate gene methylation in small samples, primarily for anorexia and bulimia nervosa.
  • Three studies utilized genome-wide DNA methylation analysis for anorexia nervosa and binge-eating disorder.
  • Overall findings were inconclusive and exploratory, indicating the nascent stage of the field.

Conclusions:

  • The field of epigenetics in eating disorders is in its early stages.
  • Methodologically sound, genome-wide approaches like epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) are needed.
  • Larger sample sizes and broader inclusion of all eating disorder types are recommended for future research.