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Related Concept Videos

Telomeres and Telomerase02:41

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In eukaryotic DNA replication, a single-stranded DNA fragment remains at the end of a chromosome after the removal of the final primer. This section of DNA cannot be replicated in the same manner as the rest of the strand because there is no 3’ end to which the newly synthesized DNA can attach. This non-replicated fragment results in gradual loss of the chromosomal DNA during each cell duplication. Additionally, it can induce a DNA damage response by enzymes that recognize single-stranded...
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The double-stranded structure of DNA has two major advantages. First, it serves as a safe repository of genetic information where one strand serves as the back-up in case the other strand is damaged. Second, the double-helical structure can be wrapped around proteins called histones to form nucleosomes, which can then be tightly wound to form chromosomes. This way, DNA chains up to 2 inches long can be contained within microscopic structures in a cell. A double-stranded break not only damages...
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The human heart is made up of three layers of tissue that are surrounded by the pericardium, a membrane that protects and confines the heart. The outermost layer, closest to the pericardium, is the epicardium. The pericardial cavity separates the pericardium from the epicardium. Beneath the epicardium is the myocardium, the middle layer, and the endocardium, the innermost layer. There are four chambers of the heart: the right atrium, the right ventricle, the left atrium, and the left ventricle.
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The heart is a hollow, muscular organ approximately the size of a fist, consisting of four chambers. It is enclosed in the pericardium, a fibrous sac with two layers: the visceral and parietal pericardium, separated by a fluid-filled space containing serous fluid to reduce friction.
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Chemical Dimerization-Induced Protein Condensates on Telomeres
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Heart-Breaking Telomeres.

Paula Martínez1, Maria A Blasco1

  • 1From the Telomeres and Telomerase Group, Molecular Oncology Program, Spanish National Cancer Centre (CNIO), Madrid, Spain.

Circulation Research
|October 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Telomeres shorten with age, driving aging and related diseases. Activating telomerase may treat these conditions, including cardiovascular diseases linked to telomere shortening.

Keywords:
cardiovascular diseasesmutationtelomerasetelomere shorteningtelomeres

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Area of Science:

  • Genetics and Molecular Biology
  • Gerontology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Telomeres, protective chromosome ends, shorten over time.
  • Critically short telomeres are linked to aging and diseases.
  • Mutations in telomere maintenance genes cause telomeropathies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review molecular mechanisms of telomere-driven diseases.
  • To emphasize the role of telomeres in cardiovascular diseases.
  • To discuss therapeutic strategies involving telomerase activation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of molecular mechanisms.
  • Analysis of genetic and environmental factors influencing telomere length.
  • Examination of telomere shortening in aging and disease pathology.

Main Results:

  • Telomere shortening is a key factor in aging and age-associated diseases.
  • Telomere maintenance is crucial for preventing telomeropathies.
  • Cardiovascular diseases exhibit significant links to telomere attrition.

Conclusions:

  • Telomere attrition is a fundamental aging mechanism.
  • Therapeutic telomerase activation holds promise for telomere-associated diseases.
  • Targeting telomere maintenance could offer new avenues for cardiovascular disease treatment.