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Related Concept Videos

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:13

Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different types of cells. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are post-mitotic—that is, they no longer divide. However, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they “de-differentiate” and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are also pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are therefore...
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Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells01:06

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce different cell types. Ordinarily, cells that have differentiated into a specific cell type are terminally differentiated; however, scientists have found a way to reprogram these mature cells so that they dedifferentiate and return to an unspecialized, proliferative state. These cells are pluripotent like embryonic stem cells—able to produce all cell types—and are called induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs).
Somatic...
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:58

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are undifferentiated pluripotent cells, meaning they can produce any cell type in the body. This gives them tremendous potential in science and medicine since they can generate specific cell types for use in research or to replace body cells lost due to damage or disease.
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Embryonic Stem Cells00:57

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells were first discovered in mice in 1981 by Martin Evans. In 1998, James Thomson identified a method to isolate embryonic stem cells from humans. Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are obtained from 3-5 day old embryos that remain unused after an in vitro fertilization procedure.
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Adult Stem Cells01:33

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Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that divide and produce more stem cells or progenitor cells that differentiate into mature, specialized cell types. All the cells in the body are generated from stem cells in the early embryo, but small populations of stem cells are also present in many adult tissues including the bone marrow, brain, skin, and gut. These adult stem cells typically produce the various cell types found in that tissue—to replace cells that are damaged or to continuously...
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Induced-fit Model01:13

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Most chemical reactions in cells require enzymes—biological catalysts that speed up the reaction without being consumed or permanently changed. They reduce the activation energy needed to convert the reactants into products. Enzymes are proteins, that usually work by binding to a substrate—a reactant molecule that they act upon.
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Transfecting and Nucleofecting Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells
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Modeling Disease with Human Inducible Pluripotent Stem Cells.

Rodrigo Grandy1,2, Rute A Tomaz1,2, Ludovic Vallier1,2

  • 1Wellcome and MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute, Anne McLaren Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0SZ, United Kingdom;

Annual Review of Pathology
|October 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a powerful way to model complex human diseases, especially liver disorders. This technology overcomes limitations of animal models by using patient-derived cells for accurate diseasepathophysiology studies.

Keywords:
differentiationdisease modelinghiPSCsliverreprogramming

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Research
  • Stem Cell Biology
  • Disease Modeling

Background:

  • Animal models have limitations in fully recapitulating complex human diseases.
  • Human induced pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs) offer a patient-specific approach to disease modeling.
  • Understanding disease physiopathology is crucial for developing new therapeutics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an overview of human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) technology.
  • To discuss challenges and approaches in using hiPSCs for disease modeling.
  • To review progress in using hiPSCs for modeling liver diseases.

Main Methods:

  • Review of hiPSC technology history and applications.
  • Discussion of challenges in hiPSC disease modeling.
  • Analysis of in vitro liver cell generation from hiPSCs.

Main Results:

  • hiPSCs provide genetic diversity for comprehensive human disease modeling.
  • Progress has been made in generating functional liver cells in vitro from hiPSCs.
  • hiPSC-derived systems can recapitulate various liver disorders.

Conclusions:

  • hiPSC technology is a valuable tool for studying liver disease physiopathology.
  • Patient-derived hiPSCs enable accurate modeling of genetic, metabolic, and infectious liver conditions.
  • This approach advances the development of novel therapeutics for liver diseases.