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Effect of an eHealth Intervention to Reduce Sickness Absence Frequency Among Employees With Frequent Sickness

Annette Notenbomer1, Corné Roelen2, Johan Groothoff1

  • 1Division Community and Occupational Medicine, Department of Health Sciences, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.

Journal of Medical Internet Research
|October 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

An electronic health (eHealth) intervention did not significantly reduce sickness absence frequency in employees. Low adherence to the eHealth tool and physician consultations limited its effectiveness in this study.

Keywords:
adulteHealthoccupational healthoccupational health physiciansrandomized controlled trialsick leave

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Digital Health Interventions
  • Health Services Research

Background:

  • Frequent sickness absence is a persistent issue for employers and employees, with many individuals experiencing recurrent episodes.
  • A significant proportion of employees with frequent sickness absence also face long-term absences.
  • An electronic health (eHealth) intervention was developed for employees with frequent sickness absence, offering automated feedback and advice.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effectiveness of an eHealth intervention, alone or combined with occupational physician consultation, in reducing sickness absence frequency.
  • To compare the eHealth intervention against usual care for employees with frequent sickness absence.
  • To assess secondary outcomes including sickness absence days, burnout, engagement, and work ability.

Main Methods:

  • A three-armed randomized controlled trial was conducted.
  • Participants with frequent sickness absence were randomized to: eHealth intervention-only, eHealth intervention plus occupational physician consultation, or care as usual.
  • The primary outcome was sickness absence episodes at 12-month follow-up; secondary outcomes included sickness absence days and self-assessed health and work-related factors.

Main Results:

  • No significant difference in sickness absence frequency was observed between the intervention groups and the care as usual group at 1-year follow-up.
  • Sickness absence frequency decreased across all groups, but the reduction was not statistically significant between groups.
  • Adherence to the occupational physician consultation was very low (3 participants), precluding conclusions on the combined intervention's effect.

Conclusions:

  • The stand-alone eHealth intervention showed no significant effect on reducing sickness absence frequency or improving secondary outcomes.
  • Low adherence to the eHealth intervention, potentially due to a perceived lack of urgency, may explain the lack of effect.
  • Very low adherence to occupational physician consultations prevented conclusions on the combined intervention's efficacy, though such consultations might enhance urgency and support.