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Influence of Step-Width Manipulation on Running Biomechanics
Published on: February 28, 2025
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Three-dimensional impact kinetics with foot-strike manipulations during running
Andrew D Nordin1, Janet S Dufek1, John A Mercer1
1Department of Kinesiology and Nutrition Sciences, University of Nevada, Las Vegas, NV 89154, USA.
Journal of Sport and Health Science
|October 26, 2018
Summary
Forefoot and midfoot running exhibit distinct impact characteristics across multiple directions, unlike heel striking. These findings highlight varied loading rates and impact durations, crucial for understanding lower extremity stress in runners.
Area of Science:
- Biomechanics
- Sports Medicine
- Human Movement Analysis
Background:
- Forefoot/midfoot running lacks observable vertical impact peaks, potentially reducing lower extremity forces.
- Impact characteristics in other planes (medial-lateral, anterior-posterior) during running are less understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare three-dimensional (3D) impact kinetics across different foot-strike conditions (forefoot, midfoot, subtle heel, obvious heel).
- To analyze instantaneous loading rate-time profiles to understand impact characteristics in running.
Main Methods:
- Assessed peak loading rates in medial-lateral (ML), anterior-posterior (AP), vertical, and 3D resultant directions.
- Instructed 9 male participants on specific foot-strike conditions (forefoot, midfoot, subtle heel, obvious heel).
- Analyzed kinematic and kinetic data for each foot-strike condition.
Main Results:
- Loading rate peaks were present in all directions and foot-strike conditions.
- Impact magnitudes differed by direction (3D resultant/vertical > AP > ML) and foot-strike.
- Heel strike running showed later loading rate peaks compared to forefoot running, with longer vertical/3D resultant impact durations.
Conclusions:
- Loading rate-time analysis revealed distinct impact characteristics in each direction and the 3D resultant based on foot-strike.
- These findings suggest potential implications for lower extremity structures and injury prevention in running.
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