Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Mixing Concrete01:30

Mixing Concrete

386
Concrete mixing ensures a homogenous blend where aggregates are well-coated with cement paste. Concrete mixing is typically done using two main types of mixers: batch and continuous. Batch mixers handle one batch at a time, thoroughly combining materials before discharging and receiving the next batch. In contrast, continuous mixers receive a steady flow of ingredients, mixing them consistently and discharging without interruption. Within batch mixers, tilting drum mixers mix with internal...
386
Mixing Time01:19

Mixing Time

481
The concept of mixing time is significant in producing a uniform concrete mix with the required strength. The mixing period starts once all components are in the mixer. Initially, the mixer is charged with 10% of the water, followed by the consistent addition of solids and then 80% of the water. The remaining water is added later, within the first quarter of the mixing period. The minimum mixing time varies according to the mixer's capacity; for example, mixers with up to 1 cubic yard...
481
Ready Mixed Concrete01:26

Ready Mixed Concrete

369
Ready-mixed concrete, also known as pre-mixed concrete, is prepared in a centralized plant and then transported in trucks to construction sites where it is ready for placement. This type of concrete is categorized into central-mixed, truck-mixed (or transit-mixed), and shrink-mixed. Central-mixed concrete is entirely prepared at a plant and moved to the site in agitator trucks that rotate at a speed of 2 to 6 rpm. Truck-mixed concrete, on the other hand, has the ingredients batched at the plant...
369
Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console01:17

Design Example: Vintage Mixing Console

582
A sound engineer at a music company recently encountered a problem. The output from their newly acquired studio's vintage mixing console was too low for the requirements of modern recording equipment. To rectify this situation, the engineer decided to design an audio pre-amplifier using an operational amplifier (op-amp) to boost the signal level.
The specifications for the pre-amplifier were clear. It needed to amplify the audio signal by a factor of 10, have an input impedance above 10...
582
Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws Explain Properties of Gas Molecules02:34

Kinetic Molecular Theory and Gas Laws Explain Properties of Gas Molecules

37.5K
The test of the kinetic molecular theory (KMT) and its postulates is its ability to explain and describe the behavior of a gas. The various gas laws (Boyle’s, Charles’s, Gay-Lussac’s, Avogadro’s, and Dalton’s laws) can be derived from the assumptions of the KMT, which have led chemists to believe that the assumptions of the theory accurately represent the properties of gas molecules.
37.5K
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

724
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
724

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Endophytic and ectomycorrhizal, an overlooked dual ecological niche? Insights from natural environments and Russula species.

The New phytologist·2026
Same author

Mycorrhizal competition release and microbial dynamics in native and non-native <i>Tuber melanosporum</i> habitats.

Applied and environmental microbiology·2026
Same author

Amazon rainforests are rejuvenating their canopies by producing more photosynthetically efficient young leaves under climate change.

Nature plants·2026
Same author

Family imprint reveals basin-wide patterns of Amazon forest embolism resistance.

Nature communications·2026
Same author

Endofungal bacteria: Emerging paradigms and future directions.

Microbiological research·2025
Same author

Multiyear Drought Strengthens Positive and Negative Functional Diversity Effects on Tree Growth Response.

Global change biology·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Collecting and Processing Drone-based Remotely Sensed Data for Use in Forest Recovery Monitoring
08:16

Collecting and Processing Drone-based Remotely Sensed Data for Use in Forest Recovery Monitoring

Published on: October 24, 2025

592

Aboveground overyielding in a mixed temperate forest is not explained by belowground processes.

Alexandre Fruleux1, Marie-Béatrice Bogeat-Triboulot2, Catherine Collet2

  • 1Université de Lorraine, AgroParisTech, INRA, UMR Silva, 54000, Nancy, France. alexandre.fruleux@gmail.com.

Oecologia
|October 26, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Belowground processes, including root distribution and water uptake, do not explain overyielding in beech-maple forests. Fungal community shifts were observed, but their role in overyielding remains unclear.

Keywords:
MycorrhizaNIRSRoot segregationStable isotopeWater uptake

More Related Videos

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils
09:16

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils

Published on: November 25, 2016

17.4K
Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
06:27

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems

Published on: June 30, 2020

7.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Collecting and Processing Drone-based Remotely Sensed Data for Use in Forest Recovery Monitoring
08:16

Collecting and Processing Drone-based Remotely Sensed Data for Use in Forest Recovery Monitoring

Published on: October 24, 2025

592
Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils
09:16

Methods of Soil Resampling to Monitor Changes in the Chemical Concentrations of Forest Soils

Published on: November 25, 2016

17.4K
Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems
06:27

Simulating Impacts of Ice Storms on Forest Ecosystems

Published on: June 30, 2020

7.5K

Area of Science:

  • Forest ecology
  • Plant community dynamics
  • Belowground ecology

Background:

  • Forest productivity often increases with tree species diversity.
  • Aboveground overyielding in mixed forests is frequently observed.
  • The underlying belowground processes driving this phenomenon are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if belowground processes explain aboveground overyielding in a beech-maple plantation.
  • To assess fine root biomass, distribution, and species segregation.
  • To analyze water acquisition patterns and ectomycorrhizal fungal communities.

Main Methods:

  • Soil core analysis for fine root biomass and vertical distribution.
  • Near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy for species identification in roots.
  • Isotopic analysis for water acquisition patterns.
  • High-throughput sequencing for fungal community structure.

Main Results:

  • No spatial patterns or vertical segregation were found for fine root biomass.
  • Both beech and maple species showed similar water acquisition from shallow soil layers.
  • Significant alterations in ectomycorrhizal fungal communities were detected with varying maple presence near beech.
  • Findings do not support resource competition reduction or facilitation as drivers of overyielding.

Conclusions:

  • Belowground resource partitioning (roots, water) does not explain the observed aboveground overyielding in this mixed forest.
  • Observed fungal community shifts may play a role, but their direct link to overyielding requires further investigation.
  • Commonly proposed belowground mechanisms for overyielding are not supported by this study.