Chronic renal failure in Khartoum, Sudan

Area of Science:

• Nephrology
• Internal Medicine
• Public Health

Background:

• Chronic renal failure (CRF) presents significant health challenges globally.
• Understanding the specific causes and clinical manifestations of CRF is crucial for effective patient management.
• Regional variations in CRF etiology necessitate localized epidemiological studies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the clinical presentation of chronic renal failure (CRF) in Sudanese patients.
• To identify the primary causes of CRF in Sudan and compare them with Sweden.
• To analyze treatment modalities and outcomes for Sudanese CRF patients.

Main Methods:

• Retrospective analysis of clinical data from 61 Sudanese patients with CRF in Khartoum.
• Comparison of etiological factors for CRF between Sudan and Sweden.
• Documentation of treatment interventions including kidney transplantation, dialysis, and conservative management.

Main Results:

• Gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms were predominant clinical features in Sudanese CRF patients.
• The leading causes of CRF in Sudan were chronic glomerulonephritis, obstructive nephropathy, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus.
• In Sweden, the primary causes were chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus, and chronic pyelonephritis.
• Treatment outcomes for Sudanese patients included kidney transplants (1 in Sudan), hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis, conservative treatment, and mortality.

Conclusions:

• Clinical presentation of CRF in Sudan is characterized by widespread systemic involvement, notably gastrointestinal and cardiovascular symptoms.
• Etiology of CRF differs significantly between Sudan and Sweden, highlighting the need for context-specific interventions.
• Limited access to advanced treatments like kidney transplantation in Sudan impacts patient outcomes, with a notable mortality rate.