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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

497
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
497
Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis01:26

Endoscopic Studies II: Thoracocentesis

1.1K
Thoracentesis(Thoracocentesis), commonly known as pleural tap, is a medical procedure where a 22 gauge needle is inserted into the pleural space, the area between the lung and chest wall. This procedure is commonly performed to diagnose or treat various respiratory disorders.
Description
Excess pleural fluid or air may accumulate in some respiratory disorders in the thoracic cavity. To treat pleural effusion, a physician conducts thoracentesis by carefully piercing the chest wall and entering...
1.1K
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

510
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
510
Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy01:30

Endoscopic Studies I: Bronchoscopy and Thoracoscopy

435
Endoscopy is a non-surgical medical technique used to examine a person's internal organs and vessels. This lesson will focus on two types of endoscopic studies: bronchoscopy and thoracoscopy.
Bronchoscopy
Description
Bronchoscopy is a procedure that involves direct visualization of the larynx, trachea, and bronchi for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. A flexible fiber optic or rigid bronchoscope is used to carry out the procedure. The fiber-optic bronchoscope is more frequently used due...
435
Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview01:20

Inhalational Anesthetics: Overview

867
Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
867
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

1.2K
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
1.2K

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Related Experiment Videos

[Anesthesia for Thoracoscopic Surgery in Children].

Atsushi Yamashita, Hirotsugu Okamoto

    Masui. the Japanese Journal of Anesthesiology
    |October 26, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary

    Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) is safe and effective in children, requiring specialized single-lung ventilation (SLV) techniques. Anesthesia and postoperative pain management are crucial for optimizing outcomes in pediatric thoracic surgery.

    Area of Science:

    • Pediatric Thoracic Surgery
    • Anesthesiology
    • Pulmonary Medicine

    Background:

    • Video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) offers advantages over open thoracic surgery in pediatric patients.
    • VATS and single-lung ventilation (SLV) can cause significant ventilation-perfusion changes.
    • Pediatric patients undergoing thoracic surgery in the lateral decubitus position face increased risks of hypoxia and circulatory issues.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the importance and methods of single-lung ventilation (SLV) in pediatric thoracic surgery.
    • To discuss anesthetic management strategies for pediatric VATS.
    • To review postoperative analgesia techniques for pediatric thoracic surgery.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of techniques for selective main stem intubation, bronchial blockers (including specialized devices for infants), and double lumen tubes for pediatric SLV.

    Related Experiment Videos

  • Discussion of anesthetic maintenance using inhalation and/or intravenous anesthesia.
  • Overview of postoperative pain management options, including non-opioid and opioid analgesics, and regional anesthesia techniques.

    • Main Results:

    • VATS is increasingly accepted in pediatric thoracic surgery, necessitating tailored SLV approaches.
    • Anesthetic management requires careful attention to maintain oxygenation and gas exchange.
    • Effective postoperative analgesia, including regional techniques, is vital for recovery.

    Conclusions:

    • Single-lung ventilation (SLV) strategies must be individualized based on patient age, weight, and surgical procedure.
    • Comprehensive anesthetic and analgesic plans are essential for safe and successful pediatric VATS.
    • VATS, when combined with appropriate SLV and pain management, represents a valuable approach in pediatric thoracic surgery.