Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026
06:05
The Participant-Reported Implementation Update and Score PRIUS: A Novel Method for Capturing Implementation-Related Data Over Time
Published on: February 19, 2021
1.8K
The PROCESS 2018 statement: Updating Consensus Preferred Reporting Of CasE Series in Surgery (PROCESS) guidelines
Riaz A Agha1, Mimi R Borrelli2, Reem Farwana3
1Department of Plastic Surgery, Chelsea and Westminster Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, UK.
International Journal of Surgery (London, England)
|October 26, 2018
Summary
Updated PROCESS guidelines for surgical case series reporting were developed using a Delphi consensus exercise. The revised checklist enhances reporting transparency and aims for wider adoption in surgical research.
Area of Science:
- Surgical Research Methodology
- Medical Publication Standards
Background:
- The original Principles for Reporting Of Clinical Outcomes Studies (PROCESS) guidelines were established in 2016 to standardize surgical case series reporting.
- Widespread journal endorsement and adherence to PROCESS items have improved transparency in surgical case reporting.
Purpose of the Study:
- To update the PROCESS guidelines through a rigorous Delphi consensus exercise.
- To refine the existing checklist for enhanced clarity and comprehensiveness in surgical case series reporting.
Main Methods:
- A Delphi consensus exercise involving experts from the original PROCESS group and the International Journal of Surgery.
- An online questionnaire assessed expert agreement on proposed amendments to the 29 PROCESS items.
Main Results:
- 56 out of 140 invited experts participated, with 45 completing the survey (80% response rate).
- Unanimous consensus was achieved in the first round, with all but three proposed amendments accepted.
- The PROCESS guidelines were successfully modified based on expert consensus.
Conclusions:
- A revised and improved PROCESS checklist is now available.
- The updated guidelines aim to further enhance the quality and transparency of surgical case series reporting.
Related Concept Videos
01:20Parallel Processing
724
The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
724
01:30Information Processing Approach
579
The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
579
01:29Processes of Self-Presentation
249
Effective self-presentation is a central component of social interaction and identity construction. It relies on the dynamic processes of defining the situation and engaging in self-disclosure. These mechanisms help individuals navigate social context expectations and manage how others perceive them, fostering mutual understanding and relationship development.Defining the SituationSocial situations are shaped by collectively understood frames—a set of widely understood rules or...
249
01:21Isothermal Processes
5.0K
A thermodynamic process that occurs at constant temperature is called an isothermal process. Heat slowly flows into the system or out of the system to maintain thermal equilibrium. Processes involving phase changes like water evaporation into steam or freezing water into ice at a constant temperature are examples of Isothermal Processes.
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
An ideal gas can also undergo isothermal expansion or compression.
For example, consider 1 mole of an ideal gas inside an isolated cylinder at initial volume V...
5.0K
01:20Work Done in an Adiabatic Process
4.2K
Consider the adiabatic compression of an ideal gas in the cylinder of an automobile diesel engine. The gasoline vapor is injected into the cylinder of an automobile engine when the piston is in its expanded position. The temperature, pressure, and volume of the resulting gas-air mixture are 20 °C, 1.00 x 105 N/m2, and 240 cm3 , respectively. The mixture is then compressed adiabatically to a volume of 40 cm3. Note that, in the actual operation of an automobile engine, the compression is not...
4.2K
01:12Precipitation Processes
6.3K
The experimental conditions in a gravimetric analysis should be optimized to maximize the particle size and purity of the obtained precipitate. Ideally, the concentration of the precipitating reagent should be low with effective stirring to maintain low relative supersaturation for the growth of large crystals. In homogeneous precipitation, the precipitant is slowly generated by a chemical reaction in the solution to avoid local reagent excesses. For example, urea decomposes gradually to...
6.3K