Current Therapies Focused on High-Density Lipoproteins Associated with Cardiovascular Disease

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Science
• Lipid Metabolism
• Pharmacology

Background:

• High-density lipoproteins (HDL) are crucial for reverse cholesterol transport and possess atheroprotective functions.
• HDL subclasses vary in density, size, surface charge, and protein composition, influencing their biological activity.
• Paraoxonases (PONs), particularly PON1, protect HDL from oxidation, contributing to its atheroprotective role.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current pharmacological and alternative treatments for improving high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) functionality.
• To understand the molecular mechanisms regulating plasma HDL-C levels.
• To inform the development of more effective treatments for cardiovascular diseases.

Main Methods:

• Systematic literature search of Scopus and Medline databases.
• Identification of publications investigating the impact of therapies on high-density lipoproteins.
• Synthesis of evidence on treatment effectiveness and molecular mechanisms.

Main Results:

• Polyphenol consumption enhances HDL binding to PON1, increasing its catalytic activity.
• Certain treatments aim to improve HDL functionality, impacting cardiovascular disease risk.
• Understanding treatment effectiveness provides insights into HDL-C regulation.

Conclusions:

• Improving HDL functionality is a promising strategy for cardiovascular disease prevention.
• Polyphenols and other interventions show potential in enhancing HDL's atheroprotective effects.
• Further research into HDL-targeted therapies can lead to advanced cardiovascular disease management.