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The Decrease in Human Endogenous Retrovirus-H Activity Runs in Parallel with Improvement in ADHD Symptoms in Patients

Chiara Cipriani¹, Maria Bernanda Pitzianti^2,3, Claudia Matteucci⁴

¹Department of Experimental Medicine and Surgery, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Via Montpellier 1, 00133 Rome, Italy. chiaracipriani88@gmail.com.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences

|October 27, 2018

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Methylphenidate (MPH) treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) rapidly reduces human endogenous retrovirus H (HERV-H) expression. This finding suggests MPH impacts HERV-H activity, potentially linking high HERV-H levels to ADHD.

Keywords:

ADHD HERV-H HERVs environmental stimuli methylphenidate neurodevelopmental disorders

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience and Genetics
Molecular Biology and Immunology

Background:

Deregulation of human endogenous retroviruses (HERVs) is increasingly linked to complex diseases, including psychiatric disorders.
HERVs are dynamic genetic elements responsive to environmental stimuli, suggesting potential drug modulation.
Methylphenidate (MPH) is a primary treatment for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the temporal relationship between human endogenous retrovirus H (HERV-H) expression and clinical response in ADHD patients treated with MPH.
To explore the effect of MPH on HERV-H activity in vitro.

Main Methods:

Quantification of HERV-H expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from ADHD patients undergoing MPH therapy over time.
In vitro culture of PBMCs from drug-naïve ADHD patients with and without MPH.
Correlation analysis between HERV-H expression levels and clinical symptom improvement.

Main Results:

A rapid decrease in HERV-H expression was observed in ADHD patients receiving MPH, coinciding with clinical symptom improvement.
In vitro, HERV-H expression increased in PBMCs from drug-naïve ADHD patients.
MPH treatment in vitro did not alter HERV-H expression in these cells, but MPH therapy in vivo led to reduced HERV-H levels.

Conclusions:

MPH therapy is associated with a significant reduction in HERV-H expression in ADHD patients.
These findings suggest MPH influences HERV-H activity in vivo.
Elevated HERV-H expression may serve as a potential biomarker for ADHD.