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Skeletal Muscle Gender Dimorphism from Proteomics
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Gender differences in trauma, shock and sepsis.

Florian Bösch1, Martin K Angele1, Irshad H Chaudry2

  • 1Department of General, Visceral, and Transplant Surgery, Ludwig Maximilians-University Munich, 81377, Munich, Germany.

Military Medical Research
|October 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Female sex hormones, particularly estrogen, improve outcomes following trauma, shock, and sepsis by benefiting multiple organ systems. Clinical studies must consider the estrus cycle for accurate results in trauma and sepsis research.

Keywords:
Cardiopulmonary bypassEstrogensGender morphismHormonal milieuTrauma-hemorrhage

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Area of Science:

  • Trauma and sepsis research
  • Gender medicine
  • Hormonal influences on health

Background:

  • Trauma and sepsis lead to high mortality, especially in young adults, causing significant socioeconomic burden.
  • Gender medicine research reveals sex-based differences in responses to trauma, shock, and sepsis.
  • The protective effects observed in females are linked to hormonal milieu, not just sex.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge on organ system responses to trauma, shock, and sepsis.
  • To highlight the beneficial effects of estrogen on various organ systems and overall survival.
  • To identify the gap in clinical research regarding the estrus cycle's influence.

Main Methods:

  • Review of experimental and clinical studies on trauma, shock, and sepsis.
  • Analysis of gender dimorphism in physiological responses.
  • Examination of estrogen's systemic effects.

Main Results:

  • Estrogen demonstrates protective effects on the central nervous system, cardiopulmonary system, liver, kidneys, and immune system.
  • Females generally exhibit better outcomes after trauma-hemorrhage due to hormonal factors.
  • Clinical studies often fail to account for the estrus cycle, limiting translational research.

Conclusions:

  • The hormonal milieu, specifically estrogen, plays a critical role in mitigating the effects of trauma, shock, and sepsis.
  • Further clinical research is needed to investigate the impact of the hormonal milieu in trauma and sepsis patients.
  • Incorporating estrus cycle data is crucial for advancing bench-to-bedside translation in trauma and sepsis care.