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Related Concept Videos

Actin Treadmilling01:18

Actin Treadmilling

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Actin filaments undergo polymerization and depolymerization from either end. The polymerization and depolymerization rates depend on the cytosolic concentration of free G-actins. The polymerization rate is generally higher at the plus or barbed end, while the depolymerization rate is higher at the minus or pointed end. At a steady state, critical concentration describes the concentration of free G-actin monomers at which the polymerization rate at the plus end is equal to that of the...
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Permeability of Concrete01:25

Permeability of Concrete

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Permeability in the context of concrete refers to how easily liquids or gases can pass through the material. This quality is crucial for assessing the water-tightness and durability of concrete structures and their resistance to chemical attacks. Concrete permeability can be determined through comparative laboratory tests. These tests typically involve sealing a concrete specimen from the sides, applying water pressure to the top surface with pressure, and measuring the amount of water passing...
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Introduction to Actin01:26

Introduction to Actin

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Actin is a highly conserved cytoskeletal protein found abundantly in eukaryotic cells. It constitutes 10% weight of the total cellular protein in muscle cells, while in non-muscle cells, it is lower and makes up around 1–5 percent of the total cell protein. Actin found in the unicellular amoebae and complex multicellular animals is around 80% similar, demonstrating their conservation over a billion years of evolution.  Actin coding genes are conserved within species and across...
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Actin Polymerization01:42

Actin Polymerization

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Actin polymerization occurs through the head-to-tail association of binding sites on monomeric actin or G-actin to form filamentous or F-actin. The polymerization can be divided into three phases ̶  nucleation, elongation, and steady-state phase.
The nucleation phase involves forming a stable nucleus consisting of three actin monomers to form a new actin filament. Actin-binding proteins such as formins and Arp2/3 complex help filament growth post-nucleation. The Formins form straight...
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Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability01:31

Magnetic Susceptibility and Permeability

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In linear magnetic materials, like paramagnets and diamagnets, magnetization is proportional to the magnetic field intensity. The constant of proportionality, a dimensionless number, is called magnetic susceptibility. The value of the susceptibility depends on the type of material.
When diamagnetic materials are placed under an external magnetic field, the moments opposite to the field are induced. Hence, the susceptibility for diamagnets has a minimal negative value of 10-5–10-6. Since...
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Actin Filament Depolymerization01:19

Actin Filament Depolymerization

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Actin filaments (F-actin) are composed of actin subunits. The dissociation of actin monomers can occur from either end of F-actin. The rate of dissociation is faster from the minus-end or the pointed end, where the actin subunits exist with a bound ADP, together known as ADP-actin. The depolymerization of F-actin is aided by proteins, including the actin-depolymerizing factor (ADF) and cofilin family of proteins, gelsolin, and glia maturation factor (GMF).
In F-actin, the ADF/cofilin proteins...
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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons
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Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons

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Cortical Actin Dynamics in Endothelial Permeability.

Patrick Belvitch1, Yu Maw Htwe1, Mary E Brown2

  • 1Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy, Department of Medicine, The University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL, United States.

Current Topics in Membranes
|October 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pulmonary endothelial cells maintain lung barrier integrity through cytoskeletal protein regulation. This review details actin dynamics and novel imaging techniques for understanding endothelial permeability.

Keywords:
ARDSArp 2/3Atomic force microscopyCortactinCortical actinEndothelial permeabilityIntravital microscopyLamellipodiaLung injuryNon-muscle myosin light chain kinaseSuper-resolution microscopy

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Quantification of Filamentous Actin F-actin Puncta in Rat Cortical Neurons
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Reconstitution of Membrane-Tethered Minimal Actin Cortices on Supported Lipid Bilayers
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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary vascular biology
  • Cellular biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Pulmonary endothelial cells form a critical semi-permeable barrier in the lung.
  • This barrier is essential for normal lung function and is implicated in disease.
  • Endothelial cell shape and barrier integrity are regulated by the cytoskeleton.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current knowledge of cytoskeletal processes regulating pulmonary endothelial barrier function.
  • To explore the roles of key regulatory proteins like non-muscle myosin light chain kinase, cortactin, and Arp 2/3.
  • To discuss advancements in cellular imaging for studying endothelial permeability.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on cytoskeletal regulation and pulmonary endothelial cells.
  • Analysis of the roles of specific proteins (non-muscle myosin light chain kinase, cortactin, Arp 2/3) in actin rearrangement.
  • Exploration of novel cellular imaging techniques.

Main Results:

  • Key cytoskeletal proteins mediate actin rearrangements, forming structures that support junctional complexes.
  • These actin formations exert forces to alter cell shape and close gaps, maintaining barrier integrity.
  • Advancements in cellular imaging offer new ways to visualize these complex processes.

Conclusions:

  • Cytoskeletal dynamics are crucial for maintaining pulmonary endothelial barrier function.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is vital for addressing lung diseases involving barrier dysfunction.
  • Emerging imaging technologies promise deeper insights into pulmonary endothelial permeability.