Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026
13:03
Protocol for Mosquito Rearing A. gambiae
Published on: July 4, 2007
24.0K
Phytoplasma Transmission: Insect Rearing and Infection Protocols
L Pagliari1, J Chuche2,3, D Bosco4
1Department of Agricultural, Food, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Udine, Italy. laura.pagliari@uniud.it.
Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|October 27, 2018
Summary
This chapter details rearing protocols for phytoplasma insect vectors like Euscelidius variegatus and Macrosteles quadripunctulatus. These methods enable the study of phytoplasma-plant interactions in controlled environments.
Area of Science:
- Plant pathology
- Entomology
- Microbiology
Background:
- Phytoplasmas are obligate intracellular plant pathogens requiring specific insect vectors and host plants for survival and study.
- Understanding phytoplasma transmission and host interactions is crucial for developing effective disease management strategies.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide standardized protocols for rearing key phytoplasma insect vectors.
- To establish methods for obtaining experimentally infected insects and plants under controlled conditions.
- To facilitate research on phytoplasma diseases affecting important crops like Arabidopsis thaliana and grapevine.
Main Methods:
- Rearing protocols for Euscelidius variegatus and Macrosteles quadripunctulatus, vectors of phytoplasmas affecting Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Rearing protocols for Hyalesthes obsoletus and Scaphoideus titanus, vectors of phytoplasmas affecting grapevine.
- Methods for maintaining controlled environmental conditions for insect rearing and plant inoculation.
Main Results:
- Successfully established rearing methods for the selected phytoplasma insect vectors.
- Demonstrated the ability to produce phytoplasma-infected insects and plants under laboratory conditions.
- Provided a foundation for reproducible phytoplasma research.
Conclusions:
- The presented protocols enable controlled study of phytoplasma-host-vector interactions.
- These methods are essential for advancing research in plant pathology and vector biology.
- Facilitates the development of novel strategies for managing phytoplasma diseases.
Related Concept Videos
01:47Osmoregulation in Insects
17.6K
Malpighian tubules are specialized structures found in the digestive systems of many arthropods, including most insects, that handle excretion and osmoregulation. The tubules are typically arranged in pairs and have a convoluted structure that increases their surface area.
17.6K
01:16Design of Transmission Shafts
785
The design of a transmission shaft is governed by two primary specifications: the power it transmits and its rotational speed. These parameters guide the selection of the shaft's material and cross-sectional dimensions, ensuring that the material's maximum shearing stress remains within the elastic limit while transmitting the desired power at the given speed. The system's power is intrinsically linked to the applied torque. The torque applied to the shaft can be calculated by reconfiguring the...
785
01:23Transmission Line Design Considerations
631
Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
631
01:09Transmission Shafts: Problem Solving
512
Designing a solid shaft that transmits power from a motor to a machine tool involves a series of calculations to ensure the shaft can withstand the stresses applied by bending moments and torques. First, calculate the torque exerted on the gear, considering the power transmitted by the shaft and its rotational speed. Following this, compute the tangential forces acting on the gears, which directly relate to the torque and the gear radius.
Next, use bending moment diagrams for the shaft to...
Next, use bending moment diagrams for the shaft to...
512
01:26Transmission-Line Differential Equations
1000
Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured from...
Line Section Model
A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured from...
1000
01:15Transmission Electron Microscopy
7.2K
In 1931, physicist Ernst Ruska—building on the idea that magnetic fields can direct an electron beam just as lenses can direct a beam of light in an optical microscope—developed the first prototype of the electron microscope. This development led to the development of the field of electron microscopy. In the transmission electron microscope (TEM), electrons are produced by a hot tungsten element and accelerated by a potential difference in an electron gun, which gives them up to 400...
7.2K