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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Immunofluorescent Staining for Visualization of Heterochromatin Associated Proteins in Drosophila Salivary Glands
Published on: August 21, 2021
Immunofluorescence Assay to Study Early Events of Vector Salivary Gland Colonization by Phytoplasmas
Luciana Galetto1, Marta Vallino1, Mahnaz Rashidi2
1Istituto per la Protezione Sostenibile delle Piante, CNR, Torino, Italy.
Abstract:
To visualize phytoplasmas at early stages of vector infection, an immunofluorescence assay was developed. The chapter provides experimental details on dissection of salivary glands, incubation of the dissected organs with phytoplasma suspension, fixation, embedding, sectioning, labeling, and final visualization with confocal microscopy. All the procedure will be described for the leafhopper Euscelidius variegatus, natural vector of "Candidatus phytoplasma asteris" and laboratory vector of Flavescence dorée phytoplasma.
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