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Updated: Feb 3, 2026
Controlled Cervical Laceration Injury in Mice
Published on: May 9, 2013
Precancerous cervical lesions and HPV genotypes identified in previously unsatisfactory cervical smear tests after
Carolann Risley1, Kim R Geisinger1, Jennifer C Robinson1
1School of Graduate Studies and School of Nursing, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson, MI, USA.
Objective:
To determine the effectiveness of using glacial acetic acid (GAA) to convert unsatisfactory bloody ThinPrep (TP) cervical smear test to satisfactory, and identify associated missed diagnoses and high-risk HPV (hrHPV) genotypes.
Methods:
In a retrospective descriptive cross-sectional analysis, all TP tests performed in Mississippi, USA, 2012-2016, were evaluated for unsatisfactory results owing to blood. Tests that were converted to satisfactory by GAA treatment, and corresponding anomalies and HPV genotypes were identified.
Results:
Among 106 384 TP tests, there were 1460 (1.37%) unsatisfactory results, of which 1442 (98.77%) were converted to satisfactory after GAA treatment. Laboratory preprocessing with GAA increased costs minimally. Precancerous lesions were detected in 166 (11.51%) of 1442 GAA-treated samples, of which 12 (7.2%) were high-grade lesions, 110 (66.3%) were atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, and 63 (57.3%) tested positive for hrHPV. Of 60 genotyped samples, 39 (65%) had non-HPV16 and non-HPV18. Including mixed infections, 48 (80%) contained less-common hrHPV types, reflecting an unexpected distribution in bloody specimens.
Conclusions:
GAA pretreatment of bloody TP tests would reduce the incidence of unsatisfactory results and missed high-grade lesions, and prevent the cost of repeat tests and delayed treatment. Clinicians without access to GAA should consider HPV testing.
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