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Gravitational Bose-Einstein Condensation in the Kinetic Regime
D G Levkov1,2, A G Panin1,2, I I Tkachev1,3
1Institute for Nuclear Research of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow 117312, Russia.
Physical Review Letters
|October 27, 2018
Summary
Bose-Einstein condensation forms Bose stars in dark matter halos. This study proves the phenomenon occurs and provides a kinetic equation for condensation time, supporting axion and fuzzy dark matter models.
Area of Science:
- Astrophysics
- Cosmology
- Particle Physics
Background:
- Dark matter halos and miniclusters are key structures in the universe.
- Bose-Einstein condensation is a quantum mechanical phenomenon.
- Bose stars are hypothetical compact objects formed from Bose-Einstein condensates.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate Bose-Einstein condensation and Bose star formation in dark matter halos.
- To determine if Bose star formation is a viable process in mainstream dark matter models.
- To provide a theoretical framework describing this phenomenon.
Main Methods:
- Utilizing universal gravitational interactions to model the system.
- Deriving and applying a kinetic equation to describe the condensation process.
- Calculating an expression for the condensation time.
Main Results:
- Proved that Bose-Einstein condensation and Bose star formation occur in virialized dark matter halos.
- Established that the process is accurately described by a kinetic equation.
- Derived an expression for the characteristic condensation time.
Conclusions:
- Bose stars can form kinetically within dark matter structures.
- The findings support the possibility of Bose star formation in models like invisible QCD axions and fuzzy dark matter.
- This work offers a kinetic pathway for Bose star formation in the early universe.
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