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Fabrication and Characterization of Superconducting Resonators
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Superconductivity without Inversion and Time-Reversal Symmetries.

Mark H Fischer1, Manfred Sigrist1, Daniel F Agterberg2

  • 1Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland.

Physical Review Letters
|October 27, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In two dimensions, superconductivity does not require time reversal (T) and inversion (I) symmetries. A combination of mirror symmetry with either T or I is sufficient for novel superconducting states.

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Area of Science:

  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Materials Science
  • Quantum Materials

Background:

  • Superconductivity in three dimensions traditionally relies on time-reversal (T) and inversion (I) symmetries.
  • Exploring reduced dimensionality, like two-dimensional (2D) systems, may reveal alternative symmetry requirements for superconductivity.
  • Experimentally relevant 2D systems, such as transition metal dichalcogenides and monolayer FeSe, often lack T and I symmetries under specific conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the essential symmetries for superconductivity in two-dimensional materials.
  • To classify superconducting states in the absence of traditional time-reversal and inversion symmetries.
  • To identify conditions leading to novel topological superconducting states and Majorana edge modes in 2D systems.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis combining energetic and topological arguments to classify superconducting states.
  • Examination of symmetry combinations, including mirror operations (M_{z}) on the basal plane.
  • Application of theoretical frameworks to systems like 2D Rashba systems and antiferromagnetic monolayer FeSe.

Main Results:

  • Time-reversal and inversion symmetries are not strictly required for 2D superconductivity; combinations with mirror symmetry suffice.
  • A unique intraband pairing state with Majorana chiral edge states is predicted for Néel-ordered FeSe.
  • Superconducting states with inversion and mirror symmetry exhibit fully gapped bulk and chiral Majorana edge modes; other cases feature point nodes and flatband Majorana edge modes.

Conclusions:

  • The study redefines symmetry requirements for superconductivity in 2D materials, broadening the scope for discovery.
  • Novel topological superconducting states and Majorana modes can exist in systems lacking traditional T and I symmetries.
  • Findings provide a theoretical guide for designing and searching for new 2D superconductors and heterostructures.