Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026
06:23
Visualizing Axonal Growth Cone Collapse and Early Amyloid β Effects in Cultured Mouse Neurons
Published on: October 30, 2018
8.5K
Sirtuin 3 attenuates amyloid-β induced neuronal hypometabolism
Junxiang Yin1, Shiping Li1,2, Megan Nielsen1,3
1Department of Neurology, Barrow Neurological Institute, St. Joseph Hospital and Medical Center, Dignity Health Organization, Phoenix, AZ 85013, USA.
Aging
|October 27, 2018
Summary
Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3) is crucial for combating Alzheimer's disease (AD) hypometabolism. Boosting Sirt3 levels in brain cells can restore mitochondrial function and energy production, offering a potential therapeutic avenue for AD.
Area of Science:
- Neuroscience
- Mitochondrial Biology
- Metabolic Disorders
Background:
- Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by reduced brain metabolism.
- Sirtuin 3 (Sirt3), a mitochondrial protein, regulates cellular metabolism, but its role in AD-related hypometabolism is unclear.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of Sirt3 in Alzheimer's disease-associated hypometabolism and amyloid-beta (Aβ) induced mitochondrial dysfunction.
Main Methods:
- Expression profiling and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) in a transgenic AD mouse model (APPSwInd).
- Measurement of NAD+, NAD+/NADH ratio, Sirt3 activity, and ATP production in vivo and in vitro.
- Manipulation of Sirt3 levels (knockdown and overexpression) in hippocampal cells exposed to Aβ.
Main Results:
- WGCNA identified Sirt3 as a key factor in Aβ-related hypometabolism.
- APP mice showed decreased NAD+, NAD+/NADH ratio, Sirt3 activity, and ATP production, correlating with impaired learning and memory.
- Sirt3 overexpression in hippocampal cells rescued Aβ-induced mitochondrial damage and restored ATP production.
Conclusions:
- Sirt3 plays a critical role in regulating cerebral hypometabolism induced by Aβ.
- Modulating Sirt3 activity presents a potential therapeutic strategy for Alzheimer's disease.
Related Concept Videos
02:42Transcription Attenuation in Prokaryotes
18.5K
Transcriptional attenuation occurs when RNA transcription is prematurely terminated due to the formation of a terminator mRNA hairpin structure. Bacteria use these hairpins to regulate the transcription process and control the synthesis of several amino acids including histidine, lysine, threonine, and phenylalanine. Transcription attenuation takes place in the non-coding regions of mRNA.
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
There are several different mechanisms used to attenuate transcription. In ribosome mediated...
18.5K
03:03Amyloid Fibrils
11.9K
Amyloid fibrils are aggregates of misfolded proteins. Under most circumstances, misfolded proteins are either refolded by chaperone proteins or degraded by the proteasome. However, in the case of a mutation or a disease, these proteins can accumulate to form large clusters and often further assemble to form elongated fibers, called fibrils.
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
Amyloid deposits were observed as early as 1639 in the liver and the spleen. In 1854, Rudolph Virchow performed iodine staining,...
11.9K
03:03Amyloid Fibrils
6.4K
6.4K
01:27Chemotherapy-Induced Nausea and Vomiting: 5-HT3 Receptor Antagonists
668
5-HT3 receptor antagonists, such as dolasetron, granisetron (Kytril), ondansetron (Zofran), and palonosetron (Axoli), are crucial in managing chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting (CINV) and postoperative nausea. These drugs selectively block 5-HT3 receptors in the visceral vagal and spinal afferent nerves, chemoreceptor trigger zone, and the vomiting center. They have a rapid onset of action and can be given as a single dose before chemotherapy. Ondansetron and granisetron, in particular,...
668
01:11ortho–para-Directing Activators: –CH3, –OH, –NH2, –OCH3
7.5K
All ortho–para directors, excluding halogens, are activating groups. These groups donate electrons to the ring, making the ring carbons electron-rich. Consequently, the reactivity of the aromatic ring towards electrophilic substitution increases. For instance, the nitration of anisole is about 10,000 times faster than the nitration of benzene. The electron-donating effect of the methoxy group in anisole activates the ortho and para positions on the ring and stabilizes the corresponding...
7.5K
01:16TGF - β Signaling Pathway
10.5K
The TGF-β signaling pathway regulates cell growth, differentiation, adhesion, motility, and development. TGF-β ligands that induce TGF-β signaling are synthesized in their latent form. Several proteases or cell surface receptors such as integrins act upon the latent form, releasing the active ligand. There are three types of mammalian TGF-βs: (TGF-β1, TGF-β2, and TGF-β3) that bind as homodimers or heterodimers to TGF-β receptors. The TGF-β receptors...
10.5K