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Recent advances in understanding non-celiac gluten sensitivity
Maria Raffaella Barbaro1, Cesare Cremon1, Vincenzo Stanghellini1
1Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences (DIMEC) and Center for Applied Biomedical Research (CRBA), Alma Mater Studiorum - University of Bologna and S. Orsola-Malpighi Hospital, Bologna, Italy.
F1000Research
|October 27, 2018
Summary
Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) causes gut and other symptoms after eating gluten, distinct from celiac disease. Diagnosis is challenging due to symptom overlap and unclear triggers, requiring further research.
Area of Science:
- Gastroenterology
- Immunology
- Clinical Nutrition
Background:
- Non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) presents with gastrointestinal and extra-intestinal symptoms.
- NCGS is diagnosed in the absence of celiac disease and wheat allergy.
- Differential diagnosis is complicated by symptom overlap with functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the current understanding of non-celiac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).
- To discuss the diagnostic challenges and unclear pathophysiology of NCGS.
- To identify key unanswered questions in NCGS research.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of current research on NCGS.
- Analysis of diagnostic criteria and challenges.
- Discussion of proposed pathophysiological mechanisms.
Main Results:
- NCGS diagnosis relies on gluten withdrawal and double-blind placebo challenges.
- The exact triggers and pathophysiology of NCGS remain largely unknown.
- Significant overlap exists between NCGS and other functional gastrointestinal disorders.
Conclusions:
- NCGS is a recognized condition but presents diagnostic and etiological challenges.
- Further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology and establish clear diagnostic markers.
- Distinguishing NCGS from other conditions remains a clinical hurdle.
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