Enteric adenoviruses

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Combined Genetic and Chemical Capsid Modifications of Adenovirus-Based Gene Transfer Vectors for Shielding and Targeting
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Combined Genetic and Chemical Capsid Modifications of Adenovirus-Based Gene Transfer Vectors for Shielding and Targeting

Published on: October 26, 2018

G Wadell, A Allard, M Johansson

    Ciba Foundation Symposium
    |January 1, 1987
    PubMed

    Insights

    Human adenoviruses (Ad40 and Ad41) cause prolonged diarrhea in children. Despite replication challenges, these enteric adenoviruses can be detected in stool samples using various diagnostic methods.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Pediatric Gastroenterology

    Background:

    • Human adenoviruses are classified into six subgenera (A-F), with subgenus F serotypes Ad40 and Ad41 specifically linked to enteric infections in children.
    • Unlike most human adenoviruses, Ad40 and Ad41 exhibit distinct tropisms and are difficult to culture in standard cell lines, though they replicate in 293 cells.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the characteristics and diagnostic approaches for enteric adenoviruses Ad40 and Ad41.
    • To compare the clinical presentation of diarrhea caused by Ad40 and Ad41 with other causes like rotavirus.

    Main Methods:

    • Utilized enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), solid-phase immuno-electron microscopy, DNA restriction, and dot-blot analysis for direct identification of Ad40 and Ad41 in stool samples.
    • Clinical data from children with diarrhea were collected and analyzed to compare symptoms and duration between adenovirus and rotavirus infections.

    Main Results:

    • Ad40 and Ad41 are associated with 7-17% of childhood diarrhea cases, occurring year-round.
    • Diarrhea caused by Ad40 and Ad41 is characterized by watery stools, vomiting, moderate fever, infrequent respiratory symptoms, and prolonged duration (mean 8.6-12.2 days).
    • Children with rotavirus diarrhea exhibited more frequent vomiting, higher temperatures, and shorter illness duration compared to those with adenovirus-induced diarrhea.

    Conclusions:

    • Enteric adenoviruses Ad40 and Ad41 are significant contributors to childhood diarrhea, presenting with prolonged symptoms.
    • Despite in vitro replication challenges, sensitive diagnostic methods allow for their identification in clinical samples.
    • Further research is needed to determine the global impact of enteric adenoviruses on childhood diarrhea etiology.

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