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Related Concept Videos

Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report01:25

Types of Reports I: Hands-off Report

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A hand-off report, also known as a change-of-shift report, is a crucial nursing process that ensures the smooth transition of patient care responsibilities between nursing staff.
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Types of Reports II: Incident or Occurrence Report01:21

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An Incident or Occurrence Report in a healthcare setting is a crucial document used to record any unexpected occurrence that may or may not have affected a patient, employee, or visitor. Such reports are critical to improving patient safety and include all details leading up to and including the event.
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Types of Reports III: Telephone and Verbal Reports01:26

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Telephone and Verbal Reports in healthcare settings are two communication methods for conveying therapeutic instructions from healthcare providers to nurses or other healthcare staff.
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A decreasing function describes a relationship where the output consistently declines as the input increases. This means that for any two input values, if one is greater than the other, the corresponding output is smaller. Mathematically, a function f is decreasing on an interval I if for every x1 < x2​ in I, f (x1) > f (x2). This type of behavior is visually identified on a graph that slopes downward from left to right.The nature of a function can be analyzed by calculating...
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Decreased Body Temperature01:29

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A decreased body temperature can occur in patients with hypothermia and frostbite. Heat loss with extended cold exposure overpowers the body's ability to create heat, resulting in hypothermia. Core temperature readings help classify hypothermia. Mild hypothermia is temperatures between 32 °C (89.6 °F) and 35°C (95 °F) and is caused by impaired thermoregulation. Moderate hypothermia is temperatures between 28 C (82.4 °F) and 32 °C (89.6 °F) caused by...
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Bradycardia is a medical condition in which the heart rate is slower than normal. It occurs when the heart's natural pacemaker, the sinus node, generates slower electrical impulses than the standard rhythm. In adults, bradycardia is diagnosed when the pulse rate falls below 60 beats per minute, indicating a deviation from the normal heart rate range.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Plaquing of Herpes Simplex Viruses
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Decreased Labial Herpes Simplex Virus Outbreaks Following Botulinum Neurotoxin Type A Injection: A Case Report.

Erin Gilbert, Jia Zhu, Tao Peng

    Journal of Drugs in Dermatology : JDD
    |October 27, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNTA) may prevent recurrent herpes simplex virus (HSV) outbreaks by inhibiting viral shedding. A case report shows sustained absence of HSV labialis after BoNTA injections.

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    Ex Vivo Organotypic Corneal Model of Acute Epithelial Herpes Simplex Virus Type I Infection
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    Ex Vivo Organotypic Corneal Model of Acute Epithelial Herpes Simplex Virus Type I Infection

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    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Neuroscience
    • Dermatology

    Background:

    • Herpes Labialis is caused by herpes simplex virus (HSV) reactivation from the trigeminal ganglion.
    • Reactivated HSV travels to the skin, causing clinical outbreaks triggered by stress, injury, or sun exposure.
    • Botulinum neurotoxin A (BoNTA) inhibits neurotransmitter release, but its effect on HSV shedding is unknown.

    Observation:

    • A clinical case investigated the potential of BoNTA as a treatment for frequent and severe HSV recurrences.
    • The study focused on whether BoNTA could interfere with viral shedding and skin delivery.
    • Researchers aimed to determine BoNTA's therapeutic or prophylactic capacity for recurrent HSV disease.

    Findings:

    • A patient experienced a sustained absence of HSV outbreaks in areas treated with intradermal BoNTA.
    • BoNTA administration was associated with preventing recurrent herpes labialis in the reported case.
    • The findings suggest BoNTA may block viral transport or shedding, preventing skin replication.

    Implications:

    • BoNTA presents a potential novel therapeutic strategy for managing recurrent HSV infections.
    • Intradermal BoNTA could offer a new prophylactic approach to prevent herpes labialis outbreaks.
    • Further research is warranted to explore BoNTA's efficacy and mechanism in HSV prevention.