Pseudowords to phonological therapy validated by expert judges
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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Interaction between Phonological and Semantic Processes in Visual Word Recognition using Electrophysiology
Published on: June 29, 2021
Joviane Bagolin Bonini1,2, Márcia Keske-Soares1,3,2
1Programa de Pós-graduação em Distúrbios da Comunicação Humana, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM - Santa Maria (RS), Brasil.
Purpose:
Create a pseudowords list based on favorable environments and submit this to the judgment of expert judges, to obtain a validated list of pseudowords that can be used in therapy.
Methods:
A study that analyzed the favorable environments of all phonemes of Brazilian Portuguese was sought and, from their data, a pseudoword list for each phoneme, at different levels of favoring, was created. The judging sample of the list was composed of ten judges who reviewed thepseudowords. This analysis was performed in two distinct stages. In the first stage, five judges analyzed the bestpseudowords. In the second stage, the other five judges judged whether pseudowords were essential for therapy. The concordance analysis among the judges was performed through the Content Validity Ratio.
Results:
The judges of the first stage reviewed and considerably reduced the number ofpseudowords, from 4000 in total to 1547. And, with the statistical analysis used on the data obtained with the judges of the second stage, the pseudoword list with content validity was reduced to few options. The judges pointed to the simplicity in the structure of pseudowords as a selection criterion.
Conclusion:
The expert judges' judgment resulted in a small number of pseudowords that have content validity and can be used in phonological therapy.
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