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Induction of Paralysis and Visual System Injury in Mice by T Cells Specific for Neuromyelitis Optica Autoantigen Aquaporin-4
Published on: August 21, 2017
Racial differences in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder.
Su-Hyun Kim1, Maureen A Mealy1, Michael Levy1
1From the Department of Neurology (S.-H.K., H.-J.S., J.-W.H., H.J.K.) and Biometric Research Branch (M.H.), Research Institute and Hospital of National Cancer Center, Goyang, South Korea; Department of Neurology (M.A.M., M.L.), Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD; NeuroCure Clinical Research Center (F.S., F.P.) and Department of Neurology (F.S., K.R., F.P.), Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health; Experimental and Clinical Research Center (F.S., F.P.), Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine and Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin; Department of Neurology (M.R., O.A., H.-P.H.), Medical Faculty, Heinrich Heine University, Düsseldorf, Germany; Department of Neurology (N.A.), Slagelse Hospital and Institute of Regional Health Research & Molecular Medicine, University of Southern Denmark, Odense; Department of Neurology (J.L.T.-C.), Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong, China; Department of Medicine (S.S., N.P.), Siriraj Hospital, Mahidol University, Bangkok, Thailand; and Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences (M.I.L., J.P.), John Radcliffe Hospital, University of Oxford, UK.
Racial differences impact neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder clinical features and attack severity. However, early immunosuppressive treatment is key for managing severe motor disabilities.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Immunology
- Genetics
Background:
- Neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD) is a rare autoimmune disease.
- Clinical presentations of NMOSD can vary significantly among different racial groups.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate racial variations in the clinical characteristics of NMOSD.
- To identify factors influencing disease severity and outcomes in a diverse patient cohort.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 603 anti-aquaporin-4 antibody-seropositive NMOSD patients from 6 international centers.
- Data collected included demographics, age at onset, clinical features, attack severity, and treatment response.
Main Results:
- Asian and Afro-American/Afro-European patients experienced younger onset ages compared to Caucasian patients.
- Caucasian patients showed lower rates of brain/brainstem involvement, while Afro-American/Afro-European patients had more frequent severe attacks at onset.
- Race influenced clinical phenotype and attack severity, but not long-term motor disability predictors.
Conclusions:
- Race is a significant factor in NMOSD clinical presentation and initial attack severity.
- Effective immunosuppressive therapy is crucial for improving outcomes and mitigating severe motor disabilities in NMOSD patients, irrespective of race.
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