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Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Monovalent Cation Doping of CH3NH3PbI3 for Efficient Perovskite Solar Cells
Published on: March 19, 2017
Multifunctional molecular modulators for perovskite solar cells with over 20% efficiency and high operational
Dongqin Bi1, Xiong Li1,2, Jovana V Milić3
1Laboratory for Photonics and Interfaces, Ecole polytechnique fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015, Lausanne, Switzerland.
Abstract:
Perovskite solar cells present one of the most prominent photovoltaic technologies, yet their stability, scalability, and engineering at the molecular level remain challenging. We demonstrate a concept of multifunctional molecular modulation of scalable and operationally stable perovskite solar cells that exhibit exceptional solar-to-electric power conversion efficiencies. The judiciously designed bifunctional molecular modulator SN links the mercapto-tetrazolium (S) and phenylammonium (N) moieties, which passivate the surface defects, while displaying a structure-directing function through interaction with the perovskite that induces the formation of large grain crystals of high electronic quality of the most thermally stable formamidinium cesium mixed lead iodide perovskite formulation. As a result, we achieve greatly enhanced solar cell performance with efficiencies exceeding 20% for active device areas above 1 cm2 without the use of antisolvents, accompanied by outstanding operational stability under ambient conditions.
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