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Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism Spectrum Disorder

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
These core symptoms manifest differently among individuals, ranging from mild to severe. The disorder's complexity extends beyond its clinical presentation, encompassing a diverse range of biological, cognitive, and sociocultural influences.

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The electromagnetic spectrum consists of all the types of electromagnetic radiation arranged according to their frequency and wavelength. Each of the various colors of visible light has specific frequencies and wavelengths associated with them, and you can see that visible light makes up only a small portion of the electromagnetic spectrum. Because the technologies developed to work in various parts of the electromagnetic spectrum are different, for reasons of convenience and historical...

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

The Electromagnetic Spectrum

Electromagnetic waves are categorized according to their wavelengths and frequencies, giving the electromagnetic spectrum. These waves are classified as radio, infrared, ultraviolet, etc. Radio waves refer to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths ranging from millimeters to kilometers. Radio waves are commonly used for audio communications (i.e., radios) and typically result from an alternating current in the wires of a broadcast antenna. They cover a broad wavelength range and are used...

IR Spectrum

IR Spectrum

When infrared (IR) radiation passes through a molecule, the bonds stretch or bend by absorbing the radiation. This absorption creates the molecule's absorption spectrum, which is the plot of its percentage transmittance versus wavenumber.
Transmittance is defined as the ratio of the radiant power passing through a sample to that from the radiation's source. Multiplying the transmittance by 100 gives the percent transmittance (%T), which varies between 100% (no absorption) and 0%...

Mass Spectrum

Mass Spectrum

A mass spectrum is the graphical representation of the relative abundance of the charged fragments in an analyte plotted against their mass-to-charge ratio (m/z). The plot's x-axis represents the ratio of the mass of the charged fragment to the number of charges it carries. The y axis of the plot represents the relative abundance of each charged species. The relative abundance is calculated from the signal intensity of each charged species recorded at the detector. The most intense signal (the...

UV–Vis Spectrum

UV–Vis Spectrum

When light passes through a substance, a portion of the light is absorbed while the remaining light is reflected or transmitted. If the molecule absorbs light between the wavelengths of 180–400 nm range, the UV spectrum is obtained, and if it absorbs light in the 400–780 nm wavelength range, the visible spectrum is obtained.
The UV–Vis spectrum of a molecule is the plot of its absorbance versus wavelength. The plot is drawn by taking molar...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Testing Sensory and Multisensory Function in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder

Published on: April 22, 2015

Cortical interneuron function in autism spectrum condition.

Jason W Lunden¹, Madel Durens¹, Andre W Phillips¹

¹Hussman Institute for Autism, 801W. Baltimore St., Suite 301, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA.

Pediatric Research

|October 28, 2018

Summary

Cortical interneurons (INs) are crucial for brain function. Their developmental dysfunction, linked to glutamate and GABA imbalance, may underlie autism spectrum condition (ASC) symptoms.

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Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Cortical Interneuron Precursors

Differentiation of Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells into Cortical Interneuron Precursors

Published on: December 3, 2017

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Developmental Biology
Neurodevelopmental Disorders

Background:

Cortical interneurons (INs) are vital for neural network function.
A balance of glutamate and GABA signaling is essential for brain development and function.
Dysregulation of this balance is implicated in neurodevelopmental disorders like autism spectrum condition (ASC).

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the development and function of INs in rodent and human models.
To examine how neurodevelopmental dysfunction in INs may contribute to core ASC symptoms.
To identify common physiological mechanisms underlying neurodevelopmental disorders.

Main Methods:

Analysis of interneuron development and function.
Utilizing rodent and human models.
Investigating neurophysiological mechanisms related to ASC.

Main Results:

(Not explicitly stated in the abstract, but implied focus on INs' role in ASC)
(Not explicitly stated in the abstract, but implied focus on INs' role in ASC)
(Not explicitly stated in the abstract, but implied focus on INs' role in ASC)

Conclusions:

Understanding INs' role in neurodevelopment is key to addressing ASC.
Identifying common physiological mechanisms may reveal novel therapeutic targets.
Pharmacological interventions targeting INs could potentially improve cognitive and emotional symptoms in ASC.