Exercise-Induced Anaphylaxis: Literature Review and Recent Updates

Area of Science:

• Allergy and Immunology
• Exercise Physiology
• Gastroenterology

Background:

• Exercise-induced anaphylaxis (EIAn) and food-dependent EIAn (FDEIAn) are rare syndromes presenting with anaphylaxis during or post-exercise.
• Recent literature suggests FDEIAn is an IgE-mediated food allergy.
• Cofactors like exercise, NSAIDs, and alcohol can increase intestinal permeability, facilitating antigen uptake and symptom onset.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment of EIAn and FDEIAn.
• To emphasize novel studies published in recent years.

Main Methods:

• Literature review focusing on recent publications.
• Analysis of current understanding of EIAn and FDEIAn pathophysiology.

Main Results:

• FDEIAn is characterized as an IgE-mediated food allergy.
• Cofactors augment FDEIAn by increasing intestinal permeability and antigen absorption.
• The precise pathophysiology of EIAn requires further investigation.

Conclusions:

• EIAn and FDEIAn are rare but significant clinical syndromes.
• Understanding the role of cofactors is crucial for managing FDEIAn.
• Further research is needed to elucidate the pathophysiology of EIAn.