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Association between periodontitis and spontaneous abortion: A case-control study.

Anchana Chanomethaporn1, Anek Chayasadom1, Nawarat Wara-Aswapati1,2

  • 1Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Khon Kaen University, Khon Kaen, Thailand.

Journal of Periodontology
|October 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Periodontitis, a gum disease, was significantly more common in women who experienced spontaneous abortion. However, specific periodontopathic bacteria levels were not directly linked to miscarriage in this study.

Keywords:
bacteriacase-control studyperiodontitisreal-time polymerase chain reactionspontaneous abortion

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Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Periodontology
  • Infectious Diseases

Background:

  • Spontaneous abortion (miscarriage) significantly impacts women's physical and psychological health.
  • The potential role of periodontitis and specific bacteria in spontaneous abortion requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between periodontitis and periodontopathic bacteria with spontaneous abortion.
  • To determine if specific bacterial levels correlate with the risk of miscarriage.

Main Methods:

  • A matched case-control study involving 85 women with spontaneous abortion and 85 controls.
  • Periodontal examinations defined periodontitis (probing depth ≥5 mm and clinical attachment level ≥2 mm).
  • Subgingival plaque analyzed for Porphyromonas gingivalis, Tannerella forsythia, and Fusobacterium nucleatum via real-time PCR.

Main Results:

  • Periodontitis was significantly more prevalent in women with spontaneous abortion (50.6%) compared to controls (21.2%).
  • Periodontitis showed a significant association with spontaneous abortion (OR=4.1, P=0.001), even after controlling for prior miscarriage (OR=3.3, P=0.006).
  • No significant association was found between the levels of periodontopathic bacteria and spontaneous abortion.

Conclusions:

  • Periodontitis is more common in women experiencing spontaneous abortions.
  • The study did not find a direct association between periodontopathic bacteria levels and spontaneous abortion in this population.