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In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA...
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Non-coding RNAs in vascular remodeling and restenosis.

Ciro Indolfi1, Claudio Iaconetti2, Clarice Gareri2

  • 1Division of Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University, Italy; URT CNR of IFC, University Magna Graecia, Italy.

Vascular Pharmacology
|October 28, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs), significantly impact vascular smooth muscle cells and endothelial cells, influencing vascular remodeling and diseases like atherosclerosis and in-stent restenosis.

Keywords:
Noncoding RNARestenosisVascular remodelingmicroRNAs

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Biology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) and endothelial cells (ECs) are key players in vascular remodeling.
  • These cells are critically involved in atherosclerosis, vascular injury response, and restenosis post-angioplasty.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are increasingly recognized for their roles in modulating VSMC and EC functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biological functions of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) in VSMCs and ECs.
  • To highlight the mechanisms by which lncRNAs impact vascular remodeling.
  • To summarize clinical evidence on ncRNAs as biomarkers for in-stent restenosis.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on ncRNAs in vascular cells.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of lncRNA action in vascular remodeling.
  • Evaluation of clinical studies on ncRNAs as biomarkers.

Main Results:

  • ncRNAs, particularly miRNAs and lncRNAs, play significant roles in VSMC and EC biology.
  • lncRNAs influence vascular remodeling through various identified mechanisms.
  • Evidence suggests ncRNAs hold potential as circulating biomarkers for in-stent restenosis.

Conclusions:

  • ncRNAs are crucial regulators of vascular cell function and vascular remodeling.
  • Understanding ncRNA mechanisms offers insights into cardiovascular disease.
  • ncRNAs show promise as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for in-stent restenosis.