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Density-dependence mediates coral assemblage structure.

Peter J Edmunds1, Hannah R Nelson1,2, Lorenzo Bramanti1,3

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Density dependence regulates coral population growth after disturbances. In Mo

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Marine Ecology
  • Coral Reef Ecology
  • Population Dynamics

Background:

  • Density dependence (DD) is a key ecological principle governing community recovery after mortality events.
  • The application of DD to coral reef ecosystems, particularly post-disturbance recovery, remains underexplored.
  • Mo'orea's coral reefs experienced significant coral cover loss and subsequent recovery, offering a unique system to study DD.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate density dependence in the population growth of coral assemblages, specifically Pocillopora spp.
  • To test the hypothesis that coral recruitment and distribution are influenced by population density.
  • To assess the role of DD in the resilience of coral reefs following major disturbances.

Main Methods:

  • Described historical coral cover changes (2005-2017) following a sea star outbreak and cyclone.
  • Conducted a field experiment manipulating Pocillopora spp. cover to assess recruitment rates.
  • Compared simulated and empirical distributions of Pocillopora colonies to identify density-associated spatial patterns.

Main Results:

  • Coral cover in Mo'orea fluctuated dramatically, from 46% to <1% and then to 74%, with pocilloporid recruitment inversely related to density.
  • Reduced Pocillopora spp. cover led to a 1.65-fold increase in recruit density, supporting DD.
  • Small Pocillopora colonies exhibited random distribution, while larger colonies showed uniform distribution, consistent with DD predictions.

Conclusions:

  • Density dependence significantly regulates population dynamics and recovery of Pocillopora spp. corals.
  • These findings highlight the critical role of density dependence in coral reef resilience.
  • The study provides empirical evidence for DD in a coral reef system, advancing ecological understanding.