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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

20.6K
Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

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A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
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Precipitation of Ions03:11

Precipitation of Ions

30.3K
Predicting Precipitation
The equation that describes the equilibrium between solid calcium carbonate and its solvated ions is:
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Molecular and Ionic Solids02:54

Molecular and Ionic Solids

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Crystalline solids are divided into four types: molecular, ionic, metallic, and covalent network based on the type of constituent units and their interparticle interactions.
Molecular Solids
Molecular crystalline solids, such as ice, sucrose (table sugar), and iodine, are solids that are composed of neutral molecules as their constituent units. These molecules are held together by weak intermolecular forces such as London dispersion forces, dipole-dipole interactions, or hydrogen bonds, which...
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

24.3K
The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Zinc-Sponge Battery Electrodes that Suppress Dendrites
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Suppressing Li Metal Dendrites Through a Solid Li-Ion Backup Layer.

Rodrigo V Salvatierra1, Gladys A López-Silva1, Almaz S Jalilov1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, TX, 77005, USA.

Advanced Materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)
|October 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed lithiated multiwall carbon nanotubes (Li-MWCNTs) to prevent lithium dendrite growth in batteries. This innovation enhances battery safety and longevity for sustainable energy storage solutions.

Keywords:
dendriteslithiated carbon nanotubeslithium metal anodespost-lithium-ion batteriessulfur cathodes

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Growing demand for sustainable and off-grid energy storage necessitates advanced battery technologies.
  • Lithium metal anodes offer high energy density but suffer from dendrite formation, compromising battery safety and lifespan.
  • Controlling lithium dendrite growth is crucial for realizing the potential of next-generation batteries.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the use of lithiated multiwall carbon nanotubes (Li-MWCNTs) as a protective interface for lithium metal anodes.
  • To demonstrate the ability of Li-MWCNTs to suppress lithium dendrite growth during battery cycling.
  • To evaluate the performance of a lithium-sulfur (Li-S) full cell utilizing the protected Li-MWCNT anode.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of lithiated multiwall carbon nanotubes (Li-MWCNTs) to serve as a lithium ion diffusion interface.
  • Cycling of Li-MWCNT protected anodes at current densities ranging from 2 to 4 mA cm⁻².
  • Assembly and testing of a full lithium-sulfur (Li-S) cell incorporating the Li-MWCNT anode.

Main Results:

  • Li-MWCNTs effectively regulated Li⁺ ion flux, significantly suppressing lithium dendrite growth.
  • Full Li-S cells demonstrated stable cycling for over 450 cycles at various rates with high coulombic efficiencies (~99.9%).
  • The protected anode supported high-current pulse discharges, indicating robustness and versatility.

Conclusions:

  • Lithiated multiwall carbon nanotubes provide a controlled interface that stabilizes lithium metal anodes.
  • This approach offers a simple yet effective strategy to mitigate lithium dendrite formation in batteries.
  • The Li-MWCNT interface shows great promise for enhancing the safety and cycle life of high-energy-density batteries.