Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Carbohydrate Digestion00:57

Carbohydrate Digestion

122.5K
Carbohydrate digestion and metabolism break down simple and complex carbohydrates from food into saccharides (i.e., sugars) for the body to use as energy. Carbohydrate digestion starts in the mouth during mastication, or chewing. The masticated carbohydrates remain intact in the stomach. Digestion resumes in the duodenum of the small intestine, where pancreatic alpha-amylase and brush border enzymes of the microvilli convert complex carbohydrates to monosaccharides. Finally, the monosaccharides...
122.5K
Chemistry of Carbohydrates03:25

Chemistry of Carbohydrates

90.6K
Carbohydrates are an essential part of the diet in humans and animals. Grains, fruits, and vegetables are natural sources of carbohydrates that provide energy to the body, particularly through glucose, a simple sugar that is a component of starch and an ingredient in many staple foods. The stoichiometric formula (CH2O)n, where n is the number of carbons in the molecule represents carbohydrates. In other words, the ratio of carbon to hydrogen to oxygen is 1:2:1 in carbohydrate molecules. This...
90.6K
What are Carbohydrates?01:44

What are Carbohydrates?

198.7K
Overview
198.7K
Polymers02:34

Polymers

40.9K
The word polymer is derived from the Greek words “poly” which means “many” and “mer” which means “parts”. Polymers are long chains of molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules, known as monomers. They either occur naturally, such as DNA and proteins, or can be constructed synthetically, like plastics. They have varied structural characteristics, such as linear chains, branched chains, or complex networks, that contribute to the...
40.9K
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions01:16

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions

966
Consider an external electric field propagating through a homogeneous medium. When the electric field crosses the surface boundary of the medium, it undergoes a discontinuity. The electric field can be resolved into normal and tangential components. The amount by which the field changes at any boundary is given by the difference between the field components above and below the surface boundary.
The surface integral of an electric field is given by Gauss's law in integral form and is related to...
966
Analyte Adsorption and Distribution01:09

Analyte Adsorption and Distribution

2.8K
In certain chromatographic separations, solutes transfer between the mobile phase and the stationary phase via sorption, which typically refers to the process of adsorption. For many chromatographic systems, the sorption process often depends on the polarity of the compounds—an expression of the overall dipole moment within the molecule. During the separation process, there is competition between the solute and solvent for adsorption to the stationary phase. Highly polar compounds and...
2.8K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Pathogenesis and genome characterization of translucent post-larvae disease-causing <i>Vibrio parahaemolyticus</i> in <i>Litopenaeus vannamei</i>.

Current research in microbial sciences·2026
Same author

FALCON: Closed-Loop Multi-Objective Optimization of Lipid Nanoparticles for Cell-Selective mRNA Delivery.

bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology·2026
Same author

Cell-Free Protein Synthesis in Porous Parylene Scaffolds.

Small methods·2026
Same author

Meningitis outbreak in Gaza: the role of malnutrition, displacement and attacks on healthcare.

BMJ global health·2026
Same author

Patient perceptions of inhaled asthma medications: a qualitative study in Northern Sri Lanka.

BMJ open·2026
Same author

Surface-Capped Protein Nanoparticles for Nonviral Gene Delivery.

Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes
13:57

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes

Published on: December 24, 2014

14.4K

Carbohydrate-Based Polymer Brushes Prevent Viral Adsorption on Electrostatically Heterogeneous Interfaces.

Ramya Kumar1,2, Domenic Kratzer3, Kenneth Cheng4,2

  • 1Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Michigan, MI, 48109, USA.

Macromolecular Rapid Communications
|October 29, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed novel coatings to prevent virus adhesion by tuning chemical heterogeneity. Virus-coating interactions depend on binding site density and brush architecture, guiding the design of virus-resistant biomaterials.

Keywords:
QCMadenovirusbioadhesioncarbohydrate brushesglycopolymer brushesinfluenzaviral adsorption

More Related Videos

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers
10:09

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers

Published on: June 30, 2018

8.7K
Looking Outwards: Isolation of Cyanobacterial Released Carbohydrate Polymers and Proteins
06:58

Looking Outwards: Isolation of Cyanobacterial Released Carbohydrate Polymers and Proteins

Published on: May 27, 2019

7.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes
13:57

Preparation and Friction Force Microscopy Measurements of Immiscible, Opposing Polymer Brushes

Published on: December 24, 2014

14.4K
Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers
10:09

Fabricating Reactive Surfaces with Brush-like and Crosslinked Films of Azlactone-Functionalized Block Co-Polymers

Published on: June 30, 2018

8.7K
Looking Outwards: Isolation of Cyanobacterial Released Carbohydrate Polymers and Proteins
06:58

Looking Outwards: Isolation of Cyanobacterial Released Carbohydrate Polymers and Proteins

Published on: May 27, 2019

7.0K

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Surface Chemistry
  • Virology

Background:

  • Nanoscale chemical heterogeneity on biomaterial surfaces significantly impacts bioadhesion.
  • Understanding these surface properties is crucial for controlling virus adsorption.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of chemical heterogeneity in virus adsorption onto synthetic surfaces.
  • To develop design specifications for virus-resistant coatings.

Main Methods:

  • Synthesized novel coatings with tunable mixtures of electrostatic tethers and carbohydrate brushes (α-mannose, β-galactose, β-glucose).
  • Experimentally evaluated the effects of binding site density, brush composition, and brush architecture on viral adsorption.
  • Quantified adsorption of adenoviruses, influenza, and fibrinogen on various carbohydrate brush/binding site combinations.

Main Results:

  • Virus-coating interactions are governed by the interplay between brush architecture and binding site density.
  • Demonstrated that specific combinations of brush components and densities can resist viral adsorption.
  • Identified key parameters for designing effective virus-resistant surfaces.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides critical insights into controlling virus adsorption via surface chemical heterogeneity.
  • Findings will guide the development of advanced polymer coatings for biomedical applications.
  • Highlights the importance of considering defects and heterogeneity in realistic coating designs.