Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)01:20

Spin–Spin Coupling: Two-Bond Coupling (Geminal Coupling)

1.7K
Two NMR-active nuclei bonded to a central atom can be involved in geminal or two-bond coupling. Geminal coupling is commonly seen between diastereotopic protons in chiral molecules and unsymmetrical alkenes, among others.
The central atom need not be NMR-active because its electrons are affected by the electron polarization of the spin-active atoms. However, spin information is transmitted less effectively than in one-bond coupling, and 2J values are usually weaker than 1J values. The energy of...
1.7K
Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)01:22

Spin–Spin Coupling: Three-Bond Coupling (Vicinal Coupling)

1.5K
Vicinal or three-bond coupling is commonly observed between protons attached to adjacent carbons. Here, nuclear spin information is primarily transferred via electron spin interactions between adjacent C‑H bond orbitals. This generally favors the antiparallel arrangement of spins, so 3J values are usually positive.
The extent of coupling depends on the C‑C bond length, the two H‑C‑C angles, any electron-withdrawing substituents, and the dihedral angle between the involved orbitals. The...
1.5K
G-protein Coupled Receptors01:21

G-protein Coupled Receptors

132.0K
G-protein coupled receptors are ligand binding receptors that indirectly affect changes in the cell. The actual receptor is a single polypeptide that transverses the cell membrane seven times creating intracellular and extracellular loops. The extracellular loops create a ligand specific pocket which binds to neurotransmitters or hormones. The intracellular loops holds onto the G-protein.
132.0K
Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling01:17

Spin–Spin Coupling: One-Bond Coupling

1.5K
Coupling interactions are strongest between NMR-active nuclei bonded to each other, where spin information can be transmitted directly through the pair of bonding electrons. While nuclei polarize their electrons to the opposite spins, the bonding electron pair has opposite spins. Configurations with antiparallel nuclear spins are expected to be lower in energy. When coupling makes antiparallel states more favorable, J is considered to have a positive value. The one-bond coupling constant, 1J,...
1.5K
Second Order systems II01:18

Second Order systems II

408
In an underdamped second-order system, where the damping ratio ζ is between 0 and 1, a unit-step input results in a transfer function that, when transformed using the inverse Laplace method, reveals the output response. The output exhibits a damped sinusoidal oscillation, and the difference between the input and output is termed the error signal. This error signal also demonstrates damped oscillatory behavior. Eventually, as the system reaches a steady state, the error diminishes to zero.
408
Couple01:29

Couple

998
A couple is a pair of parallel forces equal in magnitude but in opposite directions. The forces are separated by a perpendicular distance, known as the couple's arm. The couple causes a rotation force or moment that rotates the body about an axis perpendicular to the plane of the forces. The resulting moment is referred to as the couple moment. The SI unit of a couple moment is the Newton-meter (N-m).
A typical example to understand this concept is tightening a bolt with a lug wrench. A...
998

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Predicting the prognosis of Wilms tumor by peripheral blood cells: a real-world study of more than 30 years.

Italian journal of pediatrics·2024
Same author

CT assessment of liver fat fraction and abdominal fat composition can predict postoperative liver metastasis of colorectal cancer.

European journal of radiology·2024
Same author

Model design and exponential state estimation for discrete-time delayed memristive spiking neural P systems.

Neural networks : the official journal of the International Neural Network Society·2024
Same author

NDRG1 Regulates Iron Metabolism and Inhibits Pathologic Cardiac Hypertrophy.

The Canadian journal of cardiology·2024
Same author

Acinetobacter corruptisaponis sp. nov., Isolated from a Spoiled Bath Lotion.

Current microbiology·2024
Same author

Antisocial Behavior and Antisocial Personality Disorder Among Youth in Ethnic Minority Areas in China: A Cross-sectional Study.

Alpha psychiatry·2024
Same journal

Hidden Data Recovery and Forecasting via Next-Generation Reservoir Computing With Multiscale Delay Selection.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
Same journal

CAFF-CIL: Causality-Aware Freedom Forgetting Approach for Class-Incremental Learning.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
Same journal

Harmonic Autoencoding Framework for Multiple Tasks in Magnetic Particle Imaging Reconstruction.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
Same journal

A Survey on Human-Centric Voice-Face Multimodal Learning.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
Same journal

Vision-Assisted Foundation Model for Solving Multitask Vehicle Routing Problems.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
Same journal

FP3O: Enabling Proximal Policy Optimization in Multiagent Cooperation With Parameter-Sharing Versatility.

IEEE transactions on neural networks and learning systems·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE
09:24

Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

Published on: April 15, 2014

18.1K

Coupled Neural P Systems.

Hong Peng, Jun Wang

    IEEE Transactions on Neural Networks and Learning Systems
    |October 30, 2018
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    This study introduces coupled neural P (CNP) systems, inspired by the visual cortex, as a novel computing model. These systems demonstrate Turing universality for number generation and function computation.

    More Related Videos

    Fabrication of Micropatterned Hydrogels for Neural Culture Systems using Dynamic Mask Projection Photolithography
    16:06

    Fabrication of Micropatterned Hydrogels for Neural Culture Systems using Dynamic Mask Projection Photolithography

    Published on: February 11, 2011

    19.4K
    Revealing Neural Circuit Topography in Multi-Color
    09:11

    Revealing Neural Circuit Topography in Multi-Color

    Published on: November 14, 2011

    15.5K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Feb 3, 2026

    Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE
    09:24

    Systemic Injection of Neural Stem/Progenitor Cells in Mice with Chronic EAE

    Published on: April 15, 2014

    18.1K
    Fabrication of Micropatterned Hydrogels for Neural Culture Systems using Dynamic Mask Projection Photolithography
    16:06

    Fabrication of Micropatterned Hydrogels for Neural Culture Systems using Dynamic Mask Projection Photolithography

    Published on: February 11, 2011

    19.4K
    Revealing Neural Circuit Topography in Multi-Color
    09:11

    Revealing Neural Circuit Topography in Multi-Color

    Published on: November 14, 2011

    15.5K

    Area of Science:

    • Computational Neuroscience
    • Theoretical Computer Science
    • Biologically Inspired Computing

    Background:

    • Eckhorn's neuron model emulates the mammalian visual cortex.
    • Spiking neural P systems are distributed parallel-computing models with directed graph structures.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • Propose a new neural-like P system: the coupled neural P (CNP) system.
    • Investigate the computational power of CNP systems.
    • Demonstrate Turing universality for number-generating and function-computing devices.

    Main Methods:

    • Designed CNP systems with coupled neurons, each comprising receptive field, modulation, and output modules.
    • Incorporated nonlinear coupled-modulation and dynamic threshold mechanisms.
    • Analyzed CNP systems as number-generating and function-computing devices.

    Main Results:

    • CNP systems exhibit a distributed parallel-computing model with a directed graph structure.
    • CNP systems possess nonlinear coupled-modulation and dynamic threshold mechanisms.
    • CNP systems are proven to be Turing universal for number generation and function computation.

    Conclusions:

    • Coupled neural P systems represent a novel, powerful computing paradigm.
    • The proposed CNP systems are Turing universal, capable of complex computations.
    • A small universal CNP system was developed for function-computing devices.