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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Saliva, Salivary Gland, and Hemolymph Collection from Ixodes scapularis Ticks

Saliva, Salivary Gland, and Hemolymph Collection from Ixodes scapularis Ticks

Published on: February 21, 2012

[Tick-borne encephalitis].

Kentaro Yoshii¹

¹Laboratory of Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University.

|October 30, 2018

Summary

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV) causes fatal encephalitis in humans and is endemic across Eurasia. Recent studies in Japan reveal widespread TBEV distribution in Hokkaido and emerging concerns elsewhere, alongside new diagnostic tools.

Area of Science:

Virology
Epidemiology
Pathogenesis

Context:

Tick-borne encephalitis virus (TBEV), a Flavivirus, circulates between ticks and mammals, causing severe encephalitis in humans.
TBEV is endemic across Eurasia, with over 10,000 annual human cases.
The first TBEV case in Japan was reported in Hokkaido in 1993, with subsequent cases appearing in 2016-2017.

Purpose:

To review recent advancements in TBEV diagnostics.
To discuss the epidemiology and pathogenesis of TBEV.
To highlight the endemic foci and distribution of TBEV in Japan.

Summary:

Sero-epizootiological surveys in Hokkaido indicate widespread TBEV endemic foci.
Evidence suggests TBEV or related tick-borne flaviviruses may be present outside Hokkaido.

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The review covers novel diagnostic methods, epidemiological data, and TBEV disease mechanisms.

Impact:

Enhanced understanding of TBEV distribution in Japan.
Potential for improved TBEV surveillance and control strategies.
Informs public health responses to tick-borne diseases.