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Social scientists link historical census data to study economic and geographic mobility across generations. New data and methods offer insights but also introduce errors, prompting development of improved data infrastructure.

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Area of Science:

  • Social sciences, historical research, data science

Background:

  • Historical census record linkage has expanded significantly due to genealogical data.
  • Researchers study multi-generational economic and geographic mobility.
  • New research areas include effects of early-life conditions and policy interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the evolution and impact of historical census record linkage in social science research.
  • To highlight emerging research topics and methodologies.
  • To address challenges and limitations in current record linkage approaches.

Main Methods:

  • Linking historical census records across time.
  • Utilizing machine-readable data from genealogical organizations.
  • Employing various record linkage methodologies, including those prone to error.

Main Results:

  • Explosion in the quantity of linked historical census data.
  • Expansion of research topics beyond mobility to include health, environment, and policy impacts.
  • Identification of errors and false inferences from current linkage methods.

Conclusions:

  • New data sources have enabled novel research but introduced methodological challenges.
  • Existing record linkage methods can inadvertently cause errors.
  • Development of large-scale shared data infrastructure is underway to improve linkage accuracy.