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Dissecting Innate Immune Signaling in Viral Evasion of Cytokine Production
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Innate Immune Detection of Cardioviruses and Viral Disruption of Interferon Signaling

Eric C Freundt1, Melissa Drappier2, Thomas Michiels2

  • 1Department of Biology, The University of Tampa, Tampa, FL, United States.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|October 30, 2018
PubMed

Insights

Cardioviruses, a type of picornavirus, trigger interferon production but possess proteins that block this antiviral response. This review details cardiovirus detection and evasion of interferon immunity.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Immunology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Cardioviruses (family Picornaviridae) infect mammals, inducing double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) during replication.
  • This dsRNA is recognized by RIG-I-like receptors, initiating a type I interferon response.
  • However, cardioviruses employ mechanisms to suppress interferon production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent findings on cardiovirus dsRNA detection.
  • To discuss the role of specific cell types in vivo interferon production.
  • To describe how cardiovirus proteins inhibit interferon production and antagonize antiviral activity.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent studies on cardiovirus-host interactions.
  • Analysis of molecular mechanisms of viral dsRNA recognition.
  • Examination of viral protein functions in interferon antagonism.

Main Results:

  • Several host proteins facilitate the detection of cardiovirus dsRNA.
  • Specific cell types are crucial for effective in vivo interferon responses.
  • Cardiovirus proteins L, 3C, and L* actively inhibit interferon production and interfere with interferon effector functions.

Conclusions:

  • Cardioviruses balance the induction of interferon with sophisticated evasion strategies.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to developing antiviral therapies.
  • Targeting viral proteins that antagonize interferon may restore host antiviral defenses.
Keywords:
MDA5PKRRNase LcardiovirusdsRNAinnateinterferonpicornavirus

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