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Extracellular Vesicles in Hepatobiliary Malignancies.

Ainhoa Lapitz1, Ander Arbelaiz1, Paula Olaizola1

  • 1Department of Liver and Gastrointestinal Diseases, Biodonostia Research Institute, Donostia University Hospital, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), San Sebastian, Spain.

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Extracellular vesicles (EVs) show promise as biomarkers for diagnosing and predicting outcomes in primary liver cancers like hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Research highlights their role in disease and potential therapeutic applications.

Keywords:
cholangiocarcinomadiagnosisextracellular vesicleshepatoblastomahepatocellular carcinomapathogenesistherapy

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biochemistry
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Primary hepatobiliary cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), cholangiocarcinoma (CCA), and hepatoblastoma (HB), present a significant clinical challenge with poor prognoses.
  • Current diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for these cancers remain limited, highlighting the need for novel approaches.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in the pathogenesis of primary hepatobiliary malignancies.
  • To explore the potential of EVs as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers for these cancers.
  • To discuss the therapeutic implications of targeting EVs in hepatobiliary cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review focusing on the role of extracellular vesicles (EVs) in hepatobiliary cancers.
  • Analysis of studies investigating EV composition and function in cancer pathogenesis.
  • Synthesis of current research on EV-based biomarkers and therapeutic strategies.

Main Results:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are implicated in the pathogenesis of hepatobiliary cancers, mediating intercellular communication and influencing tumor progression.
  • EVs contain a rich cargo of biomolecules (proteins, RNA, DNA, metabolites) making them valuable sources for cancer biomarkers.
  • EVs offer potential as non-invasive biomarkers for early diagnosis, prognosis prediction, and monitoring treatment response in HCC, CCA, and HB.

Conclusions:

  • Extracellular vesicles (EVs) represent a promising avenue for advancing the diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment of primary hepatobiliary cancers.
  • Further research into EV biology and clinical applications is crucial for translating these findings into effective patient care.
  • Targeting EV production or function may offer novel therapeutic strategies for managing liver cancers.