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Related Concept Videos

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

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Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
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Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

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Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
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Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

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As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
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Joints01:26

Joints

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Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...
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Pain01:20

Pain

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Method of Joints01:30

Method of Joints

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The method of joints is a commonly used technique to analyze the forces in structural trusses. The method is based on the principle of equilibrium, which assumes that the truss members are connected by frictionless pins. The forces at each joint can be determined by considering the equilibrium of the forces acting on that joint.
Since plane truss members are in the same plane, each joint is subjected to a coplanar and concurrent force system. To apply the method of joints, the first step is to...
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Temporomandibular Joint Pain Measurement by Bite Force and Von Frey Filament Assays in Mice
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Mechanisms Underlying Bone and Joint Pain.

Joshua Havelin1,2, Tamara King3,4,5

  • 1Center for Excellence in the Neurosciences, University of New England, Biddeford, ME, 04043, USA.

Current Osteoporosis Reports
|October 30, 2018
PubMed
Summary

Understanding bone and joint pain mechanisms involves local inflammation activating nerves and central nervous system changes. Further research will refine treatments for chronic pain conditions.

Keywords:
Central sensitizationChronic painNociceptionPeripheral sensitizationSpinal

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Area of Science:

  • Rheumatology
  • Pain Medicine
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Bone and joint pathologies trigger local release of inflammatory mediators and growth factors.
  • These substances activate and sensitize sensory nerves, amplifying pain signals.
  • Central nervous system processing, including spinal cord and brain modulation, contributes to chronic pain development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To offer a comprehensive review of current knowledge regarding the mechanisms of bone and joint pain.
  • To highlight recent advancements in understanding pain pathways.
  • To identify areas for future research to improve therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes findings from existing literature on bone and joint pain mechanisms.
  • It examines the roles of peripheral and central nervous system components.
  • The focus is on understanding the biological underpinnings of pain signaling.

Main Results:

  • Pro-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors, and neurotransmitters are key players in peripheral pain sensitization.
  • Spinal cord and brain mechanisms contribute significantly to the amplification and persistence of pain signals.
  • Significant progress has been made in elucidating these pain pathways.

Conclusions:

  • Enhanced understanding of bone and joint pain mechanisms is crucial for developing effective treatments.
  • Distinguishing between different pain components (e.g., movement-evoked vs. background pain) requires further investigation.
  • Future research will enable more personalized and comprehensive therapeutic approaches for patients suffering from bone and joint pain.