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Related Concept Videos

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

9.9K
ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
There are four main types of ATP-driven pumps - P-type, V-type, F-type, and ABC transporter. All these pumps are of varying complexities and...
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ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps01:34

ATP Driven Pumps II: P-type Pumps

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The P-type pumps are a large family of integral membrane transporter ATPases. They are divided into five major types based on substrate specificity, from I to V.
A typical P-type pump has three cytosolic domains: nucleotide-binding (N), phosphorylation (P), and activator (A) domains. These domains are connected to the membrane-spanning helices by short amino acid segments. ATP hydrolysis and covalent phosphoenzyme intermediate formation are crucial parts of the catalytic cycle. At the highly...
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ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps01:30

ATP Driven Pumps III: V-type Pumps

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V-type pumps are ATP-driven pumps found in the vacuolar membranes of plants, yeast, endosomal and lysosomal membranes of animal cells, plasma membranes of a few specialized eukaryotic cells, and some prokaryotes. They are also known as the V1Vo-ATPase, that couple ATP hydrolysis to transport protons against a concentration gradient.
The peripheral or cytosolic V1 domain with eight subunits is involved in ATP hydrolysis. The integral or transmembrane V0 domain containing at least five subunits...
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ATP Yield01:31

ATP Yield

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Cellular respiration produces 30 - 32 ATP per glucose molecule. Although most of the ATP results from oxidative phosphorylation and the electron transport chain (ETC), 4 ATP are gained beforehand (2 from glycolysis and 2 from the citric acid cycle).
The ETC is embedded in the inner mitochondrial membrane and is comprised of four main protein complexes and an ATP synthase. NADH and FADH2 pass electrons to these complexes, which pump protons into the intermembrane space. This distribution of...
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Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources02:03

Xylem and Transpiration-driven Transport of Resources

26.7K
The xylem of vascular plants distributes water and dissolved minerals that are taken up by the roots to the rest of the plant. The cells that transport xylem sap are dead upon maturity, and the movement of xylem sap is a passive process.
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Short-distance Transport of Resources02:12

Short-distance Transport of Resources

17.7K
Short-distance transport refers to transport that occurs over a distance of just 2-3 cells, crossing the plasma membrane in the process. Small uncharged molecules, such as oxygen, carbon dioxide, and water, can diffuse across the plasma membrane on their own. In contrast, ions and larger molecules require the assistance of transport proteins due to their charge or size. Transport across membranes also occurs within individual cells, playing a variety of essential roles for the plant as a whole.
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Light-driven Enzymatic Decarboxylation
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Light-Driven ATP Transmembrane Transport Controlled by DNA Nanomachines.

Pei Li1,2, Ganhua Xie1, Pei Liu1,3

  • 1CAS Key Laboratory of Bio-Inspired Materials and Interfacial Science , Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing 100190 , People's Republic of China.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|October 30, 2018
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Summary

Scientists created light-controlled DNA nanomachines for selective ATP transport across membranes. This biomimetic system offers new possibilities for molecular separation and transmembrane transport.

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Area of Science:

  • Biomimetic engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular transport

Background:

  • Biological machines maintain organism metabolism.
  • Artificial molecular motors are inspired by nature.
  • Selective biomolecule transport across membranes is challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To establish an ATP transport system using photocontrolled DNA nanomachines.
  • To demonstrate selective cargo transport across artificial nanochannels.

Main Methods:

  • Assembling photocontrolled DNA nanomachines into artificial nanochannels.
  • Utilizing alternant light irradiation to control transport.
  • Transporting Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) molecules.

Main Results:

  • Successfully established an ATP transport system.
  • Demonstrated selective cargo transport across a polymer membrane using light-controlled DNA nanomachines.
  • Showcased the ability to shepherd cargoes with alternant light irradiation.

Conclusions:

  • Photocontrolled DNA nanomachines can achieve selective transmembrane transport.
  • This technology offers new methods for mass transportation and separation.
  • Potential applications include light-powered transport of other molecules and ions.