Frequency and types of uterine anomalies during caesarean section

In this study all women undergoing caesarean section were included regardless of the indication. After the foetus and placenta were delivered, the uterus was examined for the presence or absence of congenital malformation through digital palpation of uterine cavity and direct inspection of the fundus. Of the 653 caesarean sections included, uterine anomalies were diagnosed in 31 women (4.75%). Most of the anomalies were septate and sub-septate uterus (71%) followed by bicornuate uterus (19.4%), while the frequency of unicornuate uterus was 6.4% and uterine didelphys represented only 3.2%. In conclusion, an examination of the uterus internally and externally should be performed as a routine step during caesarean section. Impact statement What is already known on this subject? Most of the data of uterine anomalies has been derived from studies of patients with reproductive problems and not from those with a normal reproductive outcome. What do the results of this study add? Approximately 5% of women were found to have uterine anomalies when examined during caesarean section. If any were detected, we feel that the patient should be informed, as they may affect future reproductive performance and the choice of contraception. What are the implications of these findings for clinical practice and/or further research? An examination of the uterus internally and externally should be considered as a routine step during a caesarean section.