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A Review on Functional Analyses of Tics.

Kissel J Goldman1, Iser G DeLeon1

  • 1University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.

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|October 31, 2018
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Environmental factors significantly influence tic disorders, with functional analyses revealing patterns in tic maintenance. Understanding these factors aids in predicting treatment response for conditions like Tourette syndrome.

Keywords:
Tourette’s syndromefunctional analysisfunctional assessmenttic disorders

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Tic disorders are neurobiological but influenced by environmental factors and social consequences.
  • Previous reviews focused on environmental events, not specific variables like diagnosis or communication impairments.
  • Identifying maintaining consequences is crucial for predicting treatment responsiveness.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and summarize experimental studies identifying maintaining consequences for tics.
  • To examine the relationship between tic diagnosis, communication impairments, and tic topography.
  • To understand variables that maintain tics for improved intervention.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of 13 published functional analyses of tics.
  • Analysis of patterns in maintaining consequences across different tic diagnoses.
  • Examination of functional analysis outcomes in relation to communication impairments and tic topography.

Main Results:

  • Individuals with Tourette syndrome and without communication impairments showed more automatic reinforcement.
  • Functional analysis outcomes varied, indicating the need for individualized assessment.
  • Exceptions to general patterns underscore the importance of experimental functional analyses.

Conclusions:

  • Functional analyses are vital for understanding and treating tic disorders.
  • Specific patient characteristics may predict reinforcement patterns, but exceptions exist.
  • Further research into maintaining variables can refine interventions for tics.