Related Experiment Video
Updated: Feb 3, 2026

Simulator Training for Endovascular Neurosurgery
Published on: May 6, 2020
Transitioning in hydrocephalus: Current practices in Canadian Paediatric Neurosurgery centres
Navneet Singh1, Patrick J McDonald1,2,3,4
1Division of Neurosurgery, BC Children's Hospital, Vancouver, British Columbia.
Insights
Transitioning adolescents with hydrocephalus to adult care in Canada is inconsistent. Improved transition programs are needed to enhance care for this growing population.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Neurosurgery
- Adult Neurology
- Healthcare Transition
Background:
- Advances in perinatal care increase survival of children with chronic conditions into adulthood.
- Hydrocephalus affects 10,000 North American children annually, with most surviving to adulthood.
- Fragmented transition processes from pediatric to adult care increase morbidity and hospital admissions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To assess current transition practices for adolescents with hydrocephalus in Canada.
- To identify inconsistencies and challenges in existing transition programs.
- To gather neurosurgeon perspectives on improving transition care.
Main Methods:
- Email survey distributed to pediatric neurosurgical centers across Canada.
- Descriptive analysis of collected data on transition practices and attitudes.
- Inquiry into age of transition, availability of adult clinics, and referral patterns.
Main Results:
- Eleven of 12 Canadian centers responded to the survey.
- Transition age varied between 16 and 18 years; only four centers had dedicated Adult Hydrocephalus Clinics.
- Significant inconsistencies in referral practices and neurosurgeon dissatisfaction with current transition arrangements were reported.
Conclusions:
- Formalizing standards and developing national guidelines for hydrocephalus patient transition is recommended.
- Further research into patient needs is crucial for standardizing the transition process.
- Multidisciplinary input from patients, families, and healthcare professionals is essential for effective transition programs.
Introduction:
Advances in perinatal care in the developed world have resulted in more children living into adulthood with complex chronic health conditions. Transition is a process to improve and maximize the functional status of adolescents via the provision of adequate and appropriate health services in adulthood. This process is frequently disjointed, fragmented and inconsistent and inadequate transition increases morbidity, hospital admissions and urgent interventions. Ten thousand children are diagnosed with hydrocephalus annually in North America. Most survive to adulthood yet there are few transitioning programs and little research data on successful programs for this population.
Methods:
An email survey of paediatric neurosurgical centres in Canada was carried out to establish current transition practices and attitudes for adolescents with hydrocephalus. Data were analyzed descriptively.
Results:
Eleven out of 12 centres responded. The age of transition ranged from 16 to 18 years. Four centres have access to a dedicated Adult Hydrocephalus Clinic. Referral practices vary between centres and we highlight inconsistencies in care to this cohort of patients in Canada. There is little satisfaction among neurosurgeons with current transition arrangements in Canada. Several suggestions were made on how to improve this process.
Conclusion:
We recommend research into the needs of patients with hydrocephalus in order to formalize appropriate standards for transitioning patients with a view to developing national guidelines to standardize the transition process. This will require input from patients, families and the wider medical and allied health professional groups.
Related Concept Videos
Phase Transitions
Properties of Transition Metals
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions
Cooperative Allosteric Transitions
Phase Transitions: Vaporization and Condensation
Phase Transitions: Sublimation and Deposition

