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Peripheral Nervous System: Ganglia and Nerves01:24

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The Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) is a crucial component of the body's neural network, extending beyond the central nervous system (CNS) to bridge the gap between the CNS and the external environment. It encompasses nerves, ganglia, and sensory receptors.
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Peripheral Artery Disease I: Introduction01:30

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Peripheral artery disease (PAD) predominantly results from atherosclerosis, which involves the accumulation of fatty deposits, or plaques, within the walls of arteries. This causes them to narrow and harden, significantly reducing blood flow. PAD predominantly affects the legs, particularly the arteries supplying the thighs and calves. In rare cases, it may involve other arteries, including those in the arms.Etiology of PAD:The principal cause of PAD is atherosclerosis, which results from fatty...
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Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
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Tumor Progression02:07

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Skeletal muscle relaxants can target the central nervous system [CNS] to reduce muscle tension or act directly at the neuromuscular junction to induce temporary paralysis. These two classes of muscle relaxants are called centrally acting muscle relaxants and peripherally acting muscle relaxants. They differ in their action, mechanism, administration route, and clinical uses.
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Related Experiment Video

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Scrotal Peripheral Primitive Neuroectodermal Tumor.

Sandra Baleato-González1, Maria Gabriela Tirapu-de-Sagrario2, Elena Pintos-Martínez3

  • 1Radiology, University Hospital of Santiago de Compostela, Travesía da Choupana s/n, A Coruña, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.

Current Urology
|October 31, 2018
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) is rare in adults. This case highlights an 84-year-old man with scrotal pPNET, emphasizing diagnostic imaging and molecular techniques for this unusual presentation.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumor (pPNET) is a rare, aggressive malignancy originating from neuroectodermal cells.
Keywords:
Primitive neuroectodermal tumorSarcomaScrotum

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  • Typically diagnosed in pediatric and adolescent populations, pPNET commonly affects the extremities and trunk.
  • Adult-onset and extragonadal pPNET, particularly in the scrotal sac, represent exceptionally rare clinical scenarios.