Waterborn Genotoxicity in Southern Brazil Using Astyanax bifasciatus (Pisces: Teleostei)

Water bodies are often negatively affected by unmediated expansion of surrounding human populations. This makes it essential to establish growth planning strategies that balance productivity and sustainability when creating a viable ecological equilibrium. This study aimed to evaluate genotoxic effects in southern Brazil, using biomarkers in the fish Astyanax bifasciatus, during summer and winter of 2016. The erythrocytic nuclear abnormalities test and the micronucleus test as well as the blood and liver comet assay were used to determine genetic biomarker damage. Four locations and a control point (CP) were sampled in this study. The results demonstrated genotoxicity at all sample locations in the river as compared to the CP in all tests. This is concerning as this water source is the only supply for human populations adjacent and further flows into the greater Iguaçu river basin.